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Objective: This study aimed to develop and test a structural equation model for predicting marital conflict based on early maladaptive schemas, gender stereotypes, and emotional needs, with the mediating role of coping styles. Methods and Materials: The research adopted a correlational design using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 1,760 married men and women with marital conflicts who had sought counseling services in Tehran in 2024. Using purposive sampling, 500 participants were selected who had been married for at least six months and voluntarily completed six standardized questionnaires: the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, Bem Sex Role Inventory (short form), Emotional Needs Questionnaire, Young-Rigg Schema Avoidance Inventory, and Young’s Overcompensation Inventory. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS software through both descriptive and inferential statistics, including path coefficients and indirect effects. Findings: The results showed that disconnection and rejection schema (β = 0.413, p < 0.001), other-directedness (β = 0.214, p < 0.001), avoidance coping (β = 0.217, p < 0.001), and overcompensation coping (β = 0.122, p = 0.010) were significant direct predictors of marital conflict. Emotional needs significantly predicted both avoidance (β = 0.175, p = 0.014) and overcompensation coping (β = 0.246, p < 0.001). Gender stereotypes also played a role, with neutrality negatively predicting marital conflict (β = –0.229, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis confirmed significant indirect effects of impaired autonomy and emotional needs on marital conflict via avoidance coping, and of impaired limits and over-vigilance via overcompensation coping (p < 0.05). However, several indirect paths through gender stereotypes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings support a comprehensive model where early maladaptive schemas, emotional needs, and gender stereotypes predict marital conflict through maladaptive coping styles. These insights can inform schema-based couple therapy by addressing cognitive-emotional vulnerabilities and promoting healthier coping mechanisms in marital relationships.

Objective: Marital life is the cause of the development of social relations and provides a ground for the exercise of power, from domination to hegemony. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods of persuasion used by women in the experience of everyday life among married people in Guilan province, Iran.Methods: This research used a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling among 45 married men and women in Guilan province. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.Results: The data analysis revealed 15 basic themes, 7 organizing themes, and 2 global themes. The findings indicate that, in the past, men used social, economic, and psychological dominance against women, in addition to physical dominance. However, in the new society, with women's resistance, such dominance has become negative and illegitimate. Women now accept men's superiority not by force but through internal desire and persuasion. Therefore, today, the exercise of men's power against women has shifted from a state of dominance and asymmetry to a more symmetrical but hegemonic state.Conclusion: In the past, men used more dominance but less authority against women, but today's men use less dominance and more authority. New men's exercise of power is more persuasive, hidden, and corresponding to Rutherford's new masculinity, Connell's hegemonic masculinity, and Bourdieu's symbolic violence.

Aim: Parenting after divorce is one of the most important tasks for divorced parents. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of grief and sadness caused by separation and perceived stress in the quality of parental participation and release from the previous relationship in divorced women with children in Yasuj city. Method: Research method This correlation study and was based on structural equation modeling. the population of included all the women in divorcees with children who were referred to the counseling centers of Yasouj city, 314 people who in 2023 voluntarily declared their readiness to participate in this research. From among the volunteers, 202 people who were eligible to participate in the research responded to the indicators of release from the previous relationship (DFPR, Fisher and Bierhaus, 2007), perceived stress (PSS, Cohen et all, 1983), Quality of parental Coparental Communication (QCCS, Constance and Aarons, 1981) and sadness caused by separation (SCS, Fisher and Bierhaus, 2007). The data were analyzed using the path analysis of structural equations method. Finding: The results showed that the proposed model is a good fit. The results showed that the two variables of perceived stress and sadness caused by separation had an indirect and significant effect on the relationship between the quality of parental involvement and separation from the previous relationship (p = 0.001) and also found shows a direct effect on the quality of the shared relationship on separation of the previous relationship (p = 0.001). According to the obtained findings,

Aim: The objective of this study was to explore how marital conflict, mobile phone addiction, and parental loneliness can impact behavioral issues in elementary school students. Method: The research method was a descriptive-correlational approach. The study included 190 couples who visited the Qom Counseling Center in 2022, with 123 individuals selected as the research sample through convenience sampling. These participants completed questionnaires on Children's Behavioral Problems Scale (Yousefi and Shahim, 1999), Couple Conflict Scale (Sanei & Barati ,1996), The Smartphone Addiction Scale (Koo, 2009), and loneliness. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 24 software. Results: findings showed that the regression slope for marital conflict (B=0.501), mobile phone addiction (B=0.46), and loneliness (B=0.314) are statistically significant at the 0.01 level. This indicates that all three variables have a significant predictive power on behavioral problems. Conclusion: The examination of the data uncovered a significant link between the average levels of conflict in marriages, addiction to mobile phones, feelings of loneliness in parents, and the behavioral challenges faced by students. Additionally, the findings from the step-by-step regression analysis suggested that the factors of marital conflict, mobile phone addiction, and parental loneliness were able to explain the variation in behavioral difficulties.

Introduction and Objective: The Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F) is a 47-item self-report scale. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the MODDI-F in a sample of Muslims. Research Methodology: In this study, which was a cross-sectional design, 465 individuals (220 men and 245 women) were selected by random sampling and completed the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), the Death Obsession Scale (DOS), the Death Depression Scale (DDS), and the MODDI-F. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis and multiple analyses of variance (MANOVA). Findings: The factor analysis results using principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the MODDI-F was a multidimensional scale and four factors including fear of oneself death, fear of other’s death, death loneliness, and death acceptance explained the most variances respectively. Females had higher scores on the MODDI-F than males. In order to examine concurrent validity of the MODDI-F, the relations of the MODDI-F to the DAS, the DOS, and the DDS were investigated. The results showed that the MODDI-F had an appropriate concurrent validity. In addition, three types of reliability (test-retest, split-half, and internal consistency) were reported. Conclusion: Considering desirable psychometric properties of the MODDI-F in the present study, this scale can be used in research on death among Iranian people.