Journal of preventive Counselling (JPC)

Oral exams are a threatening situation for students, and avoidance behaviours such as postponement and expression inhibition, are ways of coping with tests anxiety. Present study aims to classify students into profiles based upon their levels of test anxiety and behavioural avoidance and explore differences in cognitive-regulation strategies and skills across the profiles. Participants (N=155) completed self-reports in an online survey. Latent class analysis identified four profiles of students combining levels of test anxiety, expression inhibition, and postponement. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated differences across groups in emotion regulation strategies with catastrophizing and rumination as the most employed in highly test anxious groups, and positive reappraisal in lowest test anxiety groups. In emotion regulation difficulties, the most distressed groups exhibited more deficits to control interference in goal-oriented behaviours, control impulses and emotion acceptance, compared with the remaining groups. Results support inclusion of emotion-regulation training in treatment of oral test anxiety.

Aim:There is no doubt that the Covid-19 pandemic is one of the most destructive mental health crises of our time. This study investigated the role of emotional security, cognitive fusion, and repetitive negative thinking in predicting stress caused by Covid-19. Methods:The descriptive research method used in this study was correlation, and the target population was the first-semester undergraduate students at Payame Noor University in Kermanshah during the academic year 2021-2022. In this regard, 174 students were selected as a statistical sample using the available sampling method and evaluated by Annie E Casey Belonging and Emotional Security Tool of family services, Gillanders et al Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Ehring et al Repetitive negative thinking questionnaire and Corona Stress Scale (CSS-18) Questionnaire by Salimi's et al were analyzed online. The data were analyzed by SPSS22 software using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. Results: Based on the results, Covid-19 stress has a negative correlation with emotional security and a positive correlation with cognitive fusion and repetitive negative thinking. As a result of multiple regression analysis, cognitive fusion and repetitive negative thinking are significantly related to stress from Covid-19, and cognitive fusion with a Beta of 0.22 is more powerful in predicting stress from Covid-19. Conclusion:According to the findings of this study, cognitive fusion and repetitive negative thinking play a significant role in causing stress from Covid-19. Psychological interventions can be designed based on these results in order to reduce the stress associated with Covid-19.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an educational model of parenting based on the sahmgozari Approach. The model integrated the experiences of mothers with children diagnosed with symptoms ASD, along with a comprehensive program of integrated transformation. The study aimed to examine the impact of this model on the lifestyle based on sahmgozari approach of mothers and the developmental expectations of the children. Methodology: The statistical population consisted of all mothers residing in Isfahan, who had toddlers and infants with symptoms ASD and sought assistance from child counseling centers during the summer quarter of 2023. A purposive sampling method was employed, resulting in a sample size of three mothers in Isfahan City who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection involved the use of early screening questionnaires pertaining to autism characteristics, developmental expectations, and contributory lifestyle. Data analysis was conducted using visual analysis methods, stable change index, and recovery percentage. Findings: The findings indicated that the educational model of parenting based on the sahmgozari approach, which integrates the experiences of mothers with children with symptoms ASD and a comprehensive program of integrated transformation, effectively influenced the lifestyle based on sahmgozari approach of the mothers and the developmental expectations of the children. Conclusion: Therapists and parents can utilize the results of this research to mitigate the challenges associated with raising children with symptoms ASD.

Aim: Parenting after divorce is one of the most important tasks for divorced parents. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of grief and sadness caused by separation and perceived stress in the quality of parental participation and release from the previous relationship in divorced women with children in Yasuj city. Method: Research method This correlation study and was based on structural equation modeling. the population of included all the women in divorcees with children who were referred to the counseling centers of Yasouj city, 314 people who in 2023 voluntarily declared their readiness to participate in this research. From among the volunteers, 202 people who were eligible to participate in the research responded to the indicators of release from the previous relationship (DFPR, Fisher and Bierhaus, 2007), perceived stress (PSS, Cohen et all, 1983), Quality of parental Coparental Communication (QCCS, Constance and Aarons, 1981) and sadness caused by separation (SCS, Fisher and Bierhaus, 2007). The data were analyzed using the path analysis of structural equations method. Finding: The results showed that the proposed model is a good fit. The results showed that the two variables of perceived stress and sadness caused by separation had an indirect and significant effect on the relationship between the quality of parental involvement and separation from the previous relationship (p = 0.001) and also found shows a direct effect on the quality of the shared relationship on separation of the previous relationship (p = 0.001). According to the obtained findings,

Impulsive and risky behaviors include behavioral choices that may expose people to serious risks of harm. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and impulsive and risky behaviors, the mediating role of positive and negative emotional motivations in students. In terms of purpose, the research was applied, and in terms of the implementation, the correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of the research included the students of Islamic Azad University, Babol in 1402-1403, and 200 people were selected as a sample by sampling method. Questionnaires risk tolerance of Zadeh Mohammadi et al. (2003), childhood trauma by Bernstein et al. (2003); Bernstein et al.'s childhood trauma (2003): Positive and negative effect, Watson and Telgen were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using structural equations in SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that adverse childhood experiences and negative emotional motivations have a positive and direct effect on impulsive and risky behaviors, and positive emotional motivations have a direct negative effect on impulsive and risky behaviors. Also, adverse childhood experiences have an indirect effect on impulsive and risky behaviors with the mediating role of positive and negative emotional motivations in students. Therefore, various types of abuse or neglect and ignoring their needs and types of abuse in the context of family or society can have long-term harmful effects and cause risky and impulsive behaviors in the future

Aim: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of utilizing social stories in story therapy to enhance the social skills of 8-10-year-old boys with behavioral disorders. Method: The current research utilized a single-case experimental design with a single baseline. The statistical population consisted of 8-10-year-old boys with behavioral disorders in Zanjan city during 2020-2021. Following the baseline period, participants underwent a 10-session story therapy program based on social stories, with a 1-month follow-up. Three male students aged 8-10 with behavioral disorders and poor social skills were chosen from elementary schools in Zanjan province using the CSI-4 and Social Skills Rating Scale (Truscott, 1989). Results: The results revealed that story therapy involving social stories effectively enhances the social skills, communication, and social competence of children with behavioral disorders. The findings indicate that these stories are beneficial in improving the social skills of children with behavioral disorders. The results were sustained during the 1-month follow-up period following the completion of treatment. Conclusion: The Story-therapy has impacted four aspects of an individual and has resulted in enhancement. The narrative has successfully conveyed information and facilitated the problem-solving procedure, consequently influencing the cognitive aspect. It has influenced the emotional aspect through emotional healing and fostering hope, the interpersonal aspect through the establishment of human connections, and lastly the personal aspect by promoting a deeper self-awareness and comprehension of one's issues.

Aim: The objective of this study was to explore how marital conflict, mobile phone addiction, and parental loneliness can impact behavioral issues in elementary school students. Method: The research method was a descriptive-correlational approach. The study included 190 couples who visited the Qom Counseling Center in 2022, with 123 individuals selected as the research sample through convenience sampling. These participants completed questionnaires on Children's Behavioral Problems Scale (Yousefi and Shahim, 1999), Couple Conflict Scale (Sanei & Barati ,1996), The Smartphone Addiction Scale (Koo, 2009), and loneliness. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 24 software. Results: findings showed that the regression slope for marital conflict (B=0.501), mobile phone addiction (B=0.46), and loneliness (B=0.314) are statistically significant at the 0.01 level. This indicates that all three variables have a significant predictive power on behavioral problems. Conclusion: The examination of the data uncovered a significant link between the average levels of conflict in marriages, addiction to mobile phones, feelings of loneliness in parents, and the behavioral challenges faced by students. Additionally, the findings from the step-by-step regression analysis suggested that the factors of marital conflict, mobile phone addiction, and parental loneliness were able to explain the variation in behavioral difficulties.

Aim: The growing prevalence of digital games and their potential impact on mental health highlight the need to identify protective mechanisms against possible negative effects. The present study aimed to investigate the role of parental phubbing and ego-resilience in adolescents’ tendency toward digital game addiction: a neural network approach. Method: This research employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all male high school students (second cycle) in public schools of Karaj during the 2024 academic year. A total of 300 students were selected using a cluster random sampling method and completed the Digital Game Addiction Scale by Başol et al. (2018), the Parental Phubbing Scale by Ding et al. (2020), and the Ego-Resilience Scale by Block and Kremen (1996). The collected data were analyzed through an artificial neural network using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) approach in SPSS version 26. Results: The findings indicated that parental phubbing and ego-resilience significantly contributed to predicting digital game addiction among adolescents (p< 0.01). Neural network analysis revealed that parental phubbing positively predicted digital game addiction, whereas ego-resilience negatively predicted it. Parental phubbing emerged as the strongest predictor (100%), while ego-resilience served as a protective factor (57.8%). Moreover, the artificial neural network model accurately captured the trends and variations of digital game addiction based on these variables. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that parental phubbing and ego-resilience are critical factors in explaining adolescents’ digital game addiction. Moreover, the artificial neural network model showed high accuracy in predicting the intensity and course of this addiction.