درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Introduction and Objective: Emerging adulthood is a critical developmental period where individuals are particularly vulnerable to loneliness, a condition with significant mental health risks. While quantitative research has documented its prevalence, a synthesized understanding of the lived experience remains fragmented. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting the first meta-synthesis of qualitative research to develop a comprehensive, multi-layered model of the loneliness experience in emerging adults. Research Methodology: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of international and Iranian databases was conducted. From an initial pool of documents, nine primary qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings of these studies were analyzed and integrated using Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis approach. Findings: The analysis yielded 11 descriptive themes and four higher-order analytical themes, revealing that the experience of loneliness is: (1) complex and ambiguous, (2) a fluctuating phenomenon, (3) characterized by diverse pathways, and (4) deeply intertwined with sociocultural pressures. Conclusion: Loneliness in emerging adults is a dynamic experience shaped by both intrapsychic factors and formidable social norms. This finding underscores the need for holistic interventions that move beyond social skills training to address relationship quality and the capacity to cope with normative pressures.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of cultural silence and emotional suppression within Asian-American families. Methods: This qualitative study utilized a phenomenological approach to investigate emotional suppression among 24 Asian-American adults residing in the United States. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure diversity across ethnic subgroups and generational backgrounds. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted via secure video conferencing platforms. Interviews lasted between 60 and 90 minutes and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using NVivo software. Thematic analysis was performed through an inductive coding process that emphasized participants’ subjective interpretations and cultural meaning-making around emotional expression. Findings: Four major themes emerged from the data: family communication norms, cultural identity and emotional suppression, impacts on mental and emotional health, and pathways to emotional expression and healing. Participants reported indirect communication, emotional stoicism, and intergenerational silence as common patterns within their families. These dynamics were often reinforced by cultural expectations of respect, shame, and self-control. Emotional suppression was linked to internalized distress, difficulty in emotional identification, and barriers to help-seeking. Despite these challenges, participants also described transformative experiences involving therapy, peer support, and bicultural integration that facilitated emotional literacy and relational healing. Conclusion: Emotional suppression and cultural silence in Asian-American families are shaped by deep-rooted cultural values and intergenerational practices. While these patterns may hinder emotional well-being, participants also demonstrated adaptive strategies and agency in redefining emotional norms. These findings underscore the importance of culturally responsive mental health practices that validate heritage while promoting emotional authenticity.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the components of enhancing dyadic ego strength (facilitating the transition from "I-ness" to "We-ness" in marital relationships) specifically for married individuals. The research setting included all texts related to the concept of "We-ness." Methods: The method for selecting texts was purposive sampling from among the aforementioned texts or related constructs within the time frame of 2010 to 2025, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of texts was determined according to the principle of data saturation. Data collection involved line-by-line analysis of texts based on questions relevant to the concept of "We-ness." The data obtained from the textual analysis were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method proposed by Hsieh and Shannon (2005). Findings: Content analysis of the texts revealed that dyadic ego consists of four key concepts: (1) essence (with sub-concepts of attention to marital union and dyadic identity); (2) dimensions of dyadic ego (with sub-concepts of cognitive, positive emotional, negative emotional, and behavioral aspects); (3) pathways to achieving dyadic ego (with sub-concepts of generative meaning of the marital bond, family values, and family goals); and (4) obstacles to achieving dyadic ego (with sub-concepts of individualism, lack of self-differentiation, and insecure attachment). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that dyadic ego is a mechanism that transforms the process of "I-ness" into "We-ness," and for its realization, couples must engage in pathways to attain it and overcome its obstacles.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on love trauma syndrome, self-worth, and relationship beliefs in divorced women residing in Tehran. Methods and Materials: This research is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection, using a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all divorced women residing in District 2 of Tehran in 2023, from whom 45 participants were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned, with age-matching, into two intervention groups and one control group. Participants completed the Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire, Ross's Love Trauma Syndrome Questionnaire, and the Self-Worth Questionnaire at pretest, posttest, and follow-up phases. The first intervention group received 8 sessions of reality therapy, while the second group received 10 sessions of emotion-focused therapy. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 22. Findings: Both reality therapy and emotion-focused therapy were effective in enhancing self-worth, improving relationship beliefs, and reducing love trauma syndrome symptoms among divorced women in Tehran. Moreover, the effectiveness of both treatments persisted over time. No significant difference was found between the effectiveness of reality therapy and emotion-focused therapy on the studied variables. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that both reality therapy and emotion-focused therapy are effective interventions for improving love trauma syndrome symptoms, enhancing self-worth, and modifying relationship beliefs in divorced women in Tehran

Objective: Managing occupational burnout facilitates the restoration of psychological well-being and is influenced by factors such as work-family conflict. Methods:  The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of MBCT on work-family conflict and psychological well-being in women with a Single Case Experimental Design of the AB type. The statistical population comprised all employed women who sought counseling at the Mehrazin Center in 2023. For data collection, Rastegar Khaled's Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (2006) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989) were utilized. It was observed that an improvement percentage below 50% indicates the intervention is not clinically significant, except for Participant 3. Additionally, the fact that the Reliable Change Index is greater than 1.96 at P < 0.05 suggests that the intervention holds statistical significance. With 95% confidence, it can be stated that the observed change in post-test scores is statistically significant. The analysis of the data was conducted through chart analysis, the Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND), and the Percentage of Overlapping Data (POD). Results: The research revealed that the psychological well-being scores of the three subjects improved by 30.6% overall, and their work changes and overall improvement percentage were 36.9%. These scores indicate a change and increase in psychological well-being, as well as a reduction in work-family conflict. In all three participants, the acceptable change index (RCI) for both variables was RCI≥1.96, at the 95% confidence level, indicating that the intervention was statistically significant. Conclusion: It is recommended that this method be explored and utilized as an effective intervention for enhancing psychological well-being and reducing work-family conflict.

Introduction: Mobile phone addiction with negative psychological consequences is influenced by academic and family problems. The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of academic procrastination in the relationship between original family health and mobile phone addiction in high school female students. Method: The study employed a descriptive-correlational research approach utilizing a structural equation model. The statistical population of this research was all female students in the second year of high school in District 6 of Tehran. Among them, 200 students were recruited by random multi-stage cluster sampling, and they completed the Family of Origin Scale (1985) Academic Procrastination Scale (2000), and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (2014). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS.21 and Amos.23 software according to the structural equation model. Findings: Results indicated a significant direct negative impact of family health (β = -0.51, p < 0.001) and a direct positive effect of academic procrastination (β = -0.58, p < 0.001) on students' mobile phone addiction. Furthermore, academic procrastination was found to act as a mediator in the association between family health and mobile phone addiction (β = -0.16, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The model demonstrated a strong fit. The mediating role of academic procrastination in the relationship between original family health and mobile phone addiction is a good model for explaining mental injuries and applying it in the field of preventing academic and behavioral problems in students.