Qualitative Review

Introduction and Objective: Emerging adulthood is a critical developmental period where individuals are particularly vulnerable to loneliness, a condition with significant mental health risks. While quantitative research has documented its prevalence, a synthesized understanding of the lived experience remains fragmented. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting the first meta-synthesis of qualitative research to develop a comprehensive, multi-layered model of the loneliness experience in emerging adults. Research Methodology: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of international and Iranian databases was conducted. From an initial pool of documents, nine primary qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings of these studies were analyzed and integrated using Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis approach. Findings: The analysis yielded 11 descriptive themes and four higher-order analytical themes, revealing that the experience of loneliness is: (1) complex and ambiguous, (2) a fluctuating phenomenon, (3) characterized by diverse pathways, and (4) deeply intertwined with sociocultural pressures. Conclusion: Loneliness in emerging adults is a dynamic experience shaped by both intrapsychic factors and formidable social norms. This finding underscores the need for holistic interventions that move beyond social skills training to address relationship quality and the capacity to cope with normative pressures.