محمدعلی مظاهری

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the short form of the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989), consisting of 18 items, within the population of Afghan families across four provinces in Afghanistan. Methods: The present research was descriptive and correlational in nature. A total of 320 families, including fathers, mothers, and one child from each family (960 participants in total), participated in this study using convenience sampling. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach with the statistical packages SmartPLS 4 and SPSS 27. Findings: After obtaining feedback from Afghan university professors and participants, the face validity of the scale was confirmed. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR). The reliability coefficients were calculated as 0.79 for fathers, 0.78 for mothers, and 0.78 for children, with CR values at satisfactory levels. Convergent validity was evaluated using the average variance extracted (AVE), and discriminant validity was assessed and confirmed using the Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratio. To improve the model and enhance discriminant validity, two items related to the dimensions of Environmental Mastery and Personal Growth were removed. The findings demonstrated that the reliability and validity evaluations of the scales used in this study were statistically sound and reliable. Conclusion: The study concluded that the 18-item version of the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for use within the Afghan family population. Therapists in Iran working with Afghan migrants, as well as Afghan therapists residing in Afghanistan, can utilize this tool in their clinical and research settings.

Background: The Brief Accessibility, Responsiveness and Engagement (BARE) Scale, is a short self-report questionnaire that measures the key behaviors of attachment system. It can be easily administered by both clinicians and researchers of different domains as the dyadic relationship of attachment and mental/physical health has proved by a vast majority of studies. To our knowledge, there is no measure that specifically focuses on couple attachment. Furthermore, we could not find any systematic review and/or meta-analysis which have been conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of BARE. Methods/design: Two independent reviewers will search comprehensively through relevant databases and also grey literature. Information will be analyzed by means of priori defined criteria by Two of reviewers. Seemingly, data will be extracted from the full texts of included studies based on a set of data extraction form in accordance with the related psychometric information. The methodological quality of studies on the development and validation of BARE will be assessed using consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Finally, the psychometrics of this tool, will then be analyzed using predefined criteria. Result. Systematic review with meta-analyses involving multidimensional outcomes. Discussion: In this protocol, we have briefly described our method for conducting a systematic review in order to measuring the psychometric properties of BARE. All of reasons call for exploring psychometric properties of BARE discussed comprehensively in introduction. It is a first and crucial step to formulate the recommendations every researcher either a clinician needs in work with couples. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020210098