درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a model of self-care culture for the elderly, which was conducted using a mixed approach. Methods: This research is developmental in terms of its objective and is descriptive-correlational based on its methodology, utilizing Excel software for analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of 28 academic experts in the fields of medicine, nursing, and sociology. These experts were selected based on criteria such as experience, relevance of academic discipline, educational degree, university teaching, and research and publication background in this area, using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Findings: The output of this stage included 47 categories in the form of 6 components (self-care knowledge, self-care self-efficacy, self-care skills, spiritual self-care discipline, self-care self-centeredness, and social self-care norms). Self-care knowledge is the foundation for developing a self-care culture among the elderly. Spiritual self-care discipline and self-care self-centeredness fall into the dependent cluster, meaning they are primarily the result of the elderly self-care culture model and changes in other components of the model lead to changes in these components. Additionally, self-care self-efficacy is in the interdependent cluster, indicating that this component is dynamic and any change in it can affect the model. Self-care knowledge also lies in the independent cluster and influences other components. Conclusion: The self-care culture model provides the groundwork for creating conditions and infrastructures that lead to the empowerment of individuals and society for self-care.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing sexual aversion and enhancing sexual self-efficacy. Methods: The research utilized a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. Thirty couples experiencing sexual aversion and low sexual self-efficacy were selected from counseling centers in Karaj, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to either a schema therapy group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). The schema therapy group received 8 to 10 sessions of intervention. Two standardized questionnaires, the Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Sexual Aversion Inventory, were used to measure outcomes. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and follow-up tests were conducted to assess the stability of the intervention effects over time. Findings: The findings revealed that schema therapy significantly improved sexual self-efficacy and reduced sexual aversion in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < .01). These improvements were sustained during the follow-up phase, with no significant decline in outcomes. The post-test and follow-up results demonstrated that schema therapy had a lasting positive impact on participants’ sexual health. The control group, in contrast, showed no significant changes across the measurement phases. Conclusion: Schema therapy was found to be an effective intervention for reducing sexual aversion and increasing sexual self-efficacy. The sustained improvements suggest that schema therapy offers long-term benefits for individuals struggling with these sexual issues. This study highlights the importance of addressing early maladaptive schemas to improve sexual health and relationship satisfaction.

Objective: This study aimed to predict self-harming behaviors based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional distress tolerance, with the mediating role of internalized shame in adolescents visiting harm reduction centers in Tehran. Methods: The research employed a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population included adolescents aged 14 to 18 who attended drop-in harm reduction centers in District 12 of Tehran (Shush-Harandi neighborhood) during the first four months of 2022. A total of 300 participants were selected using purposive sampling. The research tools included the Self-Injury Questionnaire (Sansone et al., 1998), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005), and the Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1993). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and AMOS24 software. Findings: The results indicated a relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (-0.39), emotional distress tolerance (-0.41), internalized shame (0.36), and self-harming behaviors (P < 0.01). Furthermore, internalized shame mediated the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (B = 0.52) and emotional distress tolerance (B = 0.45) with self-harming behaviors in adolescents (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that since internalized shame mediates the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional distress tolerance with self-harming behaviors, focusing on factors influencing these behaviors can help reduce the risks associated with this developmental period.

AbstractThis study aimed to predict the quality of working life from organizational citizenship behavior and psychological empowerment in elementary school teachers in Rasht city, Iran. The research's statistical population consisted of all government and non-government primary school teachers employed during the academic year 2024-2025, from which a sample of 150 individuals was chosen, and they were requested to complete questionnaires regarding Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Psychological Empowerment, and Quality of Work Life. The results were evaluated using SPSS-24. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were utilized to interpret the data. The findings indicated that organizational citizenship behavior and psychological empowerment positively and significantly correlated with the quality of work life among primary school teachers. The two predictors accounted for 41% of the variance in quality of work life, leading to the conclusion that organizational citizenship behavior and psychological empowerment were strong predictors of the quality of work life for elementary school teachers in the city of Rasht in Iran.

Objective: An important cognitive control process is the ability to inhibit, that mature at different rates during childhood to adolescence. The aim of our research was to construct and validate computer-based Stroop animal size test in children for measuring selective attention and response inhibition. Research Methodology: In this survey study, we prepared the test, after the approval of experts and software development, at first test-retest reliability with a two week was evaluated in a separate sample (N=50, 5-12 years old children), then data was collected from 92 children 5-12 years old (46 girls and 46 boys) included 22 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) studied in the academic year 2022-2023 in Alborz province. Participants decided the real size of animals by pressing response keys on computer. ANOVA, Multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients and Cronbach α were used to assess reliability and validity (p<0.05). Findings: The findings showed test-retest reliability in significant range (p<0.01). The correlation was high for Stroopnum, (r=0.83), Inconsistent answers, (r=0.72), Wrong answers, (r=0.89) but lower for Consistent answers, (r=0.28) and Reaction time, (r=0.41). To assess the internal consistency, Cronbach Alpha 0.91 computed. ANOVA analysis for comparing children's function in different age groups was (p<0.000). Conclusion: Multivariate analysis was used in comparing children with ADHD to the control group, results showed significant difference between groups in Stroop components, (p<0.007). This computerized Stroop animal size test had satisfactory reliability and validity, that can measure cognitive functions such as selective attention and inhibition in children.