درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In the teachings of Islamic law, maintaining hygiene and health holds a special place. For this reason, guidelines have been included in the system of religious knowledge in this area. Among these, some of the recommendations in the narrations are thought-provoking and require investigation into their religious basis. One of these issues, which the present study focuses on, is the topic of respiratory hygiene and blowing on food and drinks, which several narrations in the Shia tradition have prohibited. The present study, in a descriptive-analytical and problem-oriented approach, while identifying the categories of narrations related to the issue, critically examines this type of news. The outcome of the research indicates that, in terms of documentation, such news is not without controversy, and in terms of denotation, there is inconsistency between their meanings. However, according to the accepted and customary principle of "Reconciliation is preferable to rejection whenever possible," a certain minimum can be derived from these narrations and used as a basis for action. The research also addresses some of the possible forms and disputes regarding narrations related to blowing and strive to provide appropriate answers to them.

Shaykh Ṣadūq is one of the great hadith scholars of the Shia Imamiyyah in the fourth century AH, who left behind nearly three hundred authored works, indicating his effective role in promoting the culture of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS). One of the comprehensive approaches in the early period was writing books with attention to solving a problem or meeting a scientific need. Therefore, Shaykh Ṣadūq , with this goal, authored the book al-Khiṣāl , which is a comprehensive collection of ethical and doctrinal narrations. Although the majority of the book consists of narrations and he did not intend to provide explanations beneath the text of the narrations, he employed specific methods in citing them. Extracting these methods, categorizing, and analyzing them, which is the main issue of this research, is of great importance for emulation in hadith compilations. This book categorizes and organizes narrations in a novel format based on number and numerical order. This article examines it using a descriptive-analytical method. Therefore, while introducing the book and its structure and categorizing narrations based on the main narrators, the author's method in citing narrations is extracted, considering how the author cites the narrations. After examining the content of the book, the results show that al-Khiṣāl is a relatively topic-oriented hadith compendium, compiled in 26 chapters and 1255 hadiths, and includes a collection of doctrinal, ethical, jurisprudential, historical, theological, and other narrations. Their commonality lies in the number of characteristics mentioned in the narrations. The author's method in citing narrations consists of: "Citing narrations with Isnād (chain of narration), utilizing Shia and Sunni narrations in selecting narrations, explaining narrations with the help of other narrations, utilizing the knowledge of Takhrīj in recording narrations, paying attention to Samāʼ (oral transmission) in narrating hadith, numerical categorization of narrations, collecting narrations with diverse topics, and an educational and instructive approach in citing narrations."

Al-Farabi's practical philosophy is one of the most important pillars of his thought on the relationship between knowledge, politics, and human happiness. This article examines Al-Farabi's reading of Greek practical philosophy, especially the ideas of Aristotle and Plato, in the context of Islamic thought. Al-Farabi, as the founder of Islamic philosophy and a second teacher, attempted to reinterpret the Greek rational system within the framework of the religious Medina. by accepting the epistemological and ontological foundations of Greek philosophy, he attempted to create a synthesis between practical philosophy and the Islamic civil system. This research is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and examines Farabi's practical philosophy and its relationship with the concept of "Mellah". It uses content analysis to examine key concepts such as "Medina Fazeleh", "Rais awwal" and "Mellah" in Farabi's works. The findings of the research show that by introducing the first head (philosopher-prophet), Al-Farabi is trying to design a social system in which reason and revelation are aligned with a common goal (realization of Qasavi's happiness) and social relations and civil order are regulated and mapped on the natural order. In this system, philosophy and religion complement each other as two paths for the transmission of rational knowledge and public persuasion in society. The results of the research show that Al-Farabi designed an independent system that, although inspired by Greek philosophy, has an independent logic within its intellectual framework.