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Intentionality, as a fundamental concept in the philosophy of mind, is essential to understanding how mental states are directed toward objects, concepts, or states of affairs. This article examines the theory of intentionality presented by ʿAllama Tabatabaʾi, with a focus on his Islamic philosophical framework. The research begins by defining the problem of intentionality, which concerns the nature, possibility, and content determination of mental states. We highlight how Tabatabaʾi’s grounding of intentionality in mental existence and immaterial knowledge provides a distinct perspective compared to contemporary naturalistic approaches. The study employs a qualitative, analytical, and comparative methodology, examining primary texts from Islamic philosophy, including works by Avicenna, Mullā Ṣadrā, and ʿAllama Tabatabaʾi, alongside modern Western discussions on intentionality. Through this critical lens, we identify Tabatabaʾi’s key contributions: the essential revelatory character of knowledge, the abstraction process in content determination, and the inseparable connection between mental existence and intentionality. The research findings reveal that while Tabatabaʾi’s model offers a metaphysically robust explanation of intentionality, it encounters significant challenges when evaluated in the context of contemporary cognitive science. Critiques include the lack of empirical testability, potential conceptual ambiguity for modern scholars unfamiliar with Islamic metaphysics, and the absence of a clear mechanistic explanation that aligns with materialist paradigms. Nevertheless, the article underscores the innovative nature of Tabatabaʾi’s approach in bridging classical Islamic thought with modern philosophical discourse. It also suggests potential interdisciplinary dialogues, especially with phenomenological perspectives that similarly emphasize the inherent directedness of consciousness. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of intentionality and open new avenues for future research on the integration of metaphysical and empirical frameworks in the philosophy of mind.

Avicenna (Ibn Sinā) is the inheritor of Peripatetic Philosophy. Peripatetic Philosophy is the same as Philosophy of Aristotle, and Avicenna always praised Aristotle for that he reformed and reorganized philosophy in a logical and intellectual framework so that One can deliberate its truth and false according to reason. However, Avicenna in his Philosophizes was extending new approaches, and under several decisive elements he produced a new collection and presented his special philosophy. Four decisive elements in presentation of special philosophy of Avicenna are (1) Greek philosophy, (2) religion of Islam, (3) mysterious aptitude, and (4) intellectual genius. These factors drove Avicenna to a conclusion that by avoiding some Aristotelian elements and approaching to some non - Aristotelian elements, attain his special philosophy, a philosophy that, in spite of being Peripatetic, is in accordance with Religion and compatible with spirit and principles of Islamic culture.In this article, in proper order and brief manner, I will present a description and explanation of the three elements that are non-Aristotelian and have a great impression on Avicenna's philosophy, and finally detect same agreement of opinions in their works. The elements that we will speak of them are as follows: (1) on the doctrine of emanation and proceeding world from First Principle. (2) on the reason and soul and body. (3) on the matter and form