درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects and outcomes on primary education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand teachers' experiences of the effects and outcomes of COVID-19 on the quality of education in elementary schools. Methodology: This qualitative study was phenomenological in nature. The research population consisted of elementary school teachers in Zanjan County, from which 24 were selected as samples through purposive sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The samples were subjected to semi-structured interviews, the validity of which was confirmed through triangulation and the reliability was calculated as 0.88 using the intercoder agreement coefficient. Data analysis of the present study was conducted using thematic analysis in MAXQDA software. Findings: The results of this study indicated that understanding teachers' experiences of the effects and outcomes of COVID-19 on the quality of education in elementary schools consisted of 14 sub-themes under 2 main themes. The main theme of the virtualization of education included 9 sub-themes: deficiencies in facilities and infrastructure, lack of information and experience among teachers, decreased quality of learning, increased stress among families, behavioral and psychological problems of students, health and physical problems of students, economic problems, educational gaps, and the organization of psychological strengthening courses. The main theme of developing new policies and strategies in education and teaching included 5 sub-themes: a new approach to modern education, new policies in school development, new strategies in teacher training, new work procedures and goals, and the integration of technology in the workplace and life. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was determined that COVID-19 opened a new window for the education system to adjust and change educational policies and develop the necessary infrastructure to improve the quality of education.

Purpose: The objective of this research was to present an e-learning model with an emphasis on psychological capital at Mellat Insurance. Methodology: This research is qualitative in nature and employs thematic analysis as its method. The qualitative section of the study population included experts in education, e-learning, and psychology, focusing on psychological capital. Through purposive sampling, criterion-based, the desired sample was selected, and sampling continued until theoretical saturation of the data was reached. Thus, the participants in the study included 18 experts and managers. The data collection tool in this research was semi-structured interviews. It is noteworthy that the extraction of these indices was conducted by reviewing existing theoretical foundations and implementing interview transcripts using the thematic analysis method of Braun and Clarke in ATLAS.ti software. Findings: Based on the qualitative technique of thematic analysis, 141 initial codes were identified in 20 initial themes, and finally, 6 constructive themes were determined. The 6 constructive themes are: educational content, e-learning infrastructure, institutionalization of psychological capital, intra-organizational factors, extra-organizational factors, and effectiveness. Conclusion: One of the main necessities for implementing an e-learning model with an emphasis on psychological capital at Mellat Insurance is to increase organizational productivity. Organizational maturity refers to the ability of the organization to respond to challenges, adapt to changes, and continuously improve. This concept addresses the organization's ability to utilize internal and external knowledge, experiences, and resources to enhance processes, improve performance, and create added value. The primary necessity is that Mellat Insurance must seek to establish an advanced and flexible educational structure that enables employees to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to face emerging challenges and opportunities.

Purpose: This study focused on the structural modeling of competencies of high school managers in Tehran as a driver for sustainable development. Methodology: From the perspective of its objective, this research is developmental-applied, and in terms of data collection, given the nature of the study, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes high school managers from districts 2, 5, 6, and 8 in Tehran, who have experience in managing high schools and are active in executive and research activities in the field of education. Therefore, the sample size for the forthcoming research is 384 individuals, for which 384 questionnaires were used for data analysis. To measure the research variables, questionnaires by Shamsudin & Chutipattana (2012) and Wayla & Tolud (2021) were utilized. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha, and the validity of the questionnaire was based on confirmatory factor analysis. In the present research, the structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis. The software used for data analysis were SPSS-22 and SMARTPLS-4. Findings: According to the research findings, the professional competency model of school managers includes competency enablers, management competencies, ethics and professional behavior competencies, manager development, social indicators of managers, the establishment of work groups to enhance performance and green competency, attitudinal competencies, knowledge competencies, educational competencies, commercialization of knowledge-skills and technology competencies, hardworking spirit, consumption pattern modification, and participation in development towards national authority, which lead to the realization of results such as a hardworking spirit, consumption pattern modification, and participation in development. Conclusion: The professional competency model of school managers in high schools, with the expansion of professional competency, can assist managers and planners of educational systems in improving educational and training conditions.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of philosophizing training on the inquisitiveness and creative thinking of sixth-grade students in Bushehr County. Methodology: This research method was among quasi-experimental studies. The statistical population consisted of 4,263 sixth-grade students in Bushehr County. The sample size included 40 students, obtained through cluster random sampling. The tools for data collection in this study were the Heydari Inquisitiveness Questionnaire (2013) and the Wiles and Dowell Creative Thinking Questionnaire (2002). The obtained data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis. Findings: The findings showed that the adjusted mean score of the inquisitiveness variable in the experimental group's post-test stage was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, it can be said that philosophizing training led to an increase in the inquisitiveness of the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating the positive impact of philosophizing training on the inquisitiveness of the experimental group relative to the control group. Additionally, the adjusted mean score of the creative thinking variable in the experimental group's post-test stage was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, it can be said that philosophizing training led to an increase in the creative thinking of the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating the positive impact of philosophizing training on the creative thinking of the experimental group relative to the control group. Conclusion: Therefore, philosophizing training were effective for improving inquisitiveness and creative thinking in sixth-grade students.