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In recent decades, sport has gained growing recognition as a means of empowerment for women with disabilities in Asia—physically, psychologically, and socially. Yet, the policymaking landscape in this area remains fragmented and inconsistent. A clear gap persists between strategic documents and the lived realities of women with disabilities. This commentary critically examines current policy directions, highlights structural challenges, and explores cultural dynamics in Islamic contexts. Inclusive sport policy for women with disabilities in Asia must address not only legislative and structural gaps but also deeply rooted cultural dynamics, particularly in Islamic contexts. When cultural sensitivity is paired with evidence-based planning and strong institutional support, sport can move from symbolic inclusion to genuine empowerment.

This study aims to examine the validity of prescribed AI-generated exercise interventions for general health and weight loss. This study developed an AI-generated exercise program using the Delphi method. The Delphi process involved administering a structured questionnaire within the relevant domain, whereby a panel of experts evaluated the appropriateness of the program. To assess validity, three established measures were employed: the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), the Content Validity Index (CVI), and the Impact Score (IS). In addition, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient (κ) was calculated to determine the degree of agreement (reliability) among the experts. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 27 and Microsoft Excel. The IS indicates that all exercises achieved the required level of validity. Also, based on the CVI and CVR, all exercises demonstrated acceptable content validity for general health and weight loss. However, the negative kappa value suggests poor agreement among the experts for the mentioned variables. The findings indicate that while platforms such as ChatGPT-4o can produce broadly appropriate exercise content, expert agreement on the validity of these protocols was very low. Accordingly, AI should be viewed as a supplementary tool that can assist in designing individualized health and weight management programs.

Objective : This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of Sportspersonship, competitive anger, and aggression among professional and recreational female football players in Iran. Method: Utilizing an applied, causal-comparative design, data were collected from 330 participants—150 professional players from the Iranian Women’s Premier League and 180 recreational players active in Tehran. Three validated instruments were employed: the Sportspersonship Questionnaire Vallerand and Brière (1), the Competitive Anger Scale Maxwell and Moores (2) and the Aggression Questionnaire Buss and Perry (3). statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 24. One Sample T-Test and independent t-test were used. Results : The findings of the study showed that the levels of aggression, anger, and violence in professional and recreational female soccer players are significantly higher than average. There is a significant difference between the levels of anger and violence among professional and recreational female soccer players. The results revealed that professional players exhibited significantly higher levels of competitive anger than recreational players. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of Sportspersonship. Conclusions : These findings underscore the need for targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to address competitive anger and promote ethical behavior, particularly in professional women’s football. Emphasizing Sportspersonship and ethical conduct can contribute to a healthier sporting culture and mitigate the normalization of aggressive behaviors in both competitive and recreational contexts.

Background: Epidemiology studies the prevalence of a disease or injury in a particular society. In fact, the focus is on the study of injury type, body part of injury, the duration of an athlete's absence from sports, severity, treatment costs due to the injury, etc. Taekwondo is one of the most popular sports in Iran which has high injuries due to its contact nature.Aim: This study aimed to identify gaps, and address challenges in the literature on injuries among Iranian taekwondo athletes. To achieve this, the study reviewed research on taekwondo injuries among Iranian athletes, with a specific focus on the incidence rate of injuries, the most commonly injured body locations, the types of injuries, and other epidemiological indexes.Materials and Methods: To conduct the study, databases including "sid.ir", "Magiran", "Iran doc", "Google Scholar", "ScienceDirect", "Scopus", and "PubMed" were searched using keywords including "taekwondo", "taekwondo injury", "epidemiology", "injury rate", "Iranian taekwondo", "sport epidemiology" and "Iran epidemiology". Articles relevant to the subject published between 2005 and 2023 were selected for analysis, focusing specifically on studies related to the epidemiology of taekwondo injuries in Iranian athletes.Results: Total of 70 research were found. The analysis showed sprain and strain with 38.70% and bruises with 30.60% as the most reported types of injury, lower extremity injured mostly with the average of 33.12%.Conclusion: The gap of considering the injury type and severity was observed in most studies. The nature of injury and injury chronometry are of indexes paid less attention as well. Regard to the studies, injuries in the lower extremity are mostly occurred in Iranian taekwondo athletes. A study in epidemiology of taekwondo injuries included all epidemiological indexes in Iranian taekwondo athletes is necessary.