درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Epidemiology studies the prevalence of a disease or injury in a particular society. In fact, the focus is on the study of injury type, body part of injury, the duration of an athlete's absence from sports, severity, treatment costs due to the injury, etc. Taekwondo is one of the most popular sports in Iran which has high injuries due to its contact nature.Aim: This study aimed to identify gaps, and address challenges in the literature on injuries among Iranian taekwondo athletes. To achieve this, the study reviewed research on taekwondo injuries among Iranian athletes, with a specific focus on the incidence rate of injuries, the most commonly injured body locations, the types of injuries, and other epidemiological indexes.Materials and Methods: To conduct the study, databases including "sid.ir", "Magiran", "Iran doc", "Google Scholar", "ScienceDirect", "Scopus", and "PubMed" were searched using keywords including "taekwondo", "taekwondo injury", "epidemiology", "injury rate", "Iranian taekwondo", "sport epidemiology" and "Iran epidemiology". Articles relevant to the subject published between 2005 and 2023 were selected for analysis, focusing specifically on studies related to the epidemiology of taekwondo injuries in Iranian athletes.Results: Total of 70 research were found. The analysis showed sprain and strain with 38.70% and bruises with 30.60% as the most reported types of injury, lower extremity injured mostly with the average of 33.12%.Conclusion: The gap of considering the injury type and severity was observed in most studies. The nature of injury and injury chronometry are of indexes paid less attention as well. Regard to the studies, injuries in the lower extremity are mostly occurred in Iranian taekwondo athletes. A study in epidemiology of taekwondo injuries included all epidemiological indexes in Iranian taekwondo athletes is necessary.

The present research was conducted with the aim of improving economic governance in the country's sports based on marketing factors. The participants in this research consisted of individuals with expertise in the field of sports economics. The data collection tool used in this research was semi-structured interviews. To analyze the qualitative data, thematic analysis was employed. The results of this research indicate that in the context of specialized and human facilitators aimed at enhancing economic governance, the main concepts identified include attention to global structures in sports, scientific processes, supportive systems, and managerial systems. In total, 21 components were identified for improving economic governance in the country's sports based on marketing factors, concerning the specialized and human facilitators aimed at enhancing economic governance. Moreover, in terms of foundational, structural, and organizational capabilities concerning the objectives of economic governance, the main concepts identified include expanding penetration rates, building trust, budgeting, and social incentives in sports. A total of 16 components of economic governance in the country's sports, based on marketing factors, were identified. Additionally, regarding the quality of communications in achieving the goals of economic governance, the main concepts included inter-sectoral cooperation, creating a social economy, and informational aspects. In total, 12 components of economic governance in the country's sports, based on marketing factors, were identified in relation to the quality of communications in achieving the goals of economic governance.

In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across various industries has significantly transformed traditional practices, particularly in marketing. As sports marketing increasingly turns to AI-generated content, understanding the factors that influence consumer attitudes and purchase intentions becomes crucial for the effective utilization of this innovative technology. This article examines the impact of two key factors— observability and compatibility—of AI-generated sports marketing content on consumer attitudes and their purchase intentions. In today’s competitive world, understanding how this novel technology affects consumer behavior and how they interact with marketing content is of particular importance. Data was collected through a questionnaire using simple random sampling from sports consumers (n=300). A quantitative research method and structural equation modeling were employed, and the data were analyzed using SEM-Smart PLS TM3 software. The results indicated that observability and compatibility significantly influence consumer attitudes, which in turn affect purchase intentions. The robustness of the research model was confirmed through R2 and β values, emphasizing the importance of using innovative technologies in sports marketing. This article is one of the few studies focusing on the effects of AI-generated content in the sports industry and offers suggestions for improving sports marketing strategies.

The aim of the study was to assess the state of academic education in sport management in Iran. A mixed methods research approach was utilized, involving the collection of documentary data from relevant websites, followed by interviews with experts in sport management education. The participants were purposefully selected using a non-random method. The findings revealed the existence of 65 doctoral programs in sport management, with a target of attracting 266 students, as well as 261 master's programs in three tracks within sport management, aiming to draw 3554 applicants. Furthermore, there are approximately 230 faculty members in sport management. The experiences of experts highlighted a decrease in the average quality and motivation of students in sport management programs. One of the reported reasons for this was the lack of legal support in attracting specialized individuals in this field to the job market.