درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Today, using new technologies is considered a vital factor in the sports tourism area. Tourist destinations try to use these technologies to create a competitive advantage to be a leader in this area. The use of these technologies brings lots of advantages. This research aims to identify the consequences of using new technologies in sports tourism. The research method is mixed with a sequential exploratory approach. In the first phase, the main indicators and components are identified using the online focus group research method, then in order to confirm them, a quantitative survey method was used. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews collected from two focus groups including academic and executive participants related to the fields of sports management, sports tourism, and information technology. According to the research findings, 67 primary codes, 27 open codes, 13 axial codes, and 4 selective categories were extracted. In the quantitative phase of the research, all the values ​​related to the components and indicators were confirmed.  From the results of the present research, we can point out the benefits such as "smart health, smart sports tourism, green technologies, sustainable development (healthy and sustainable environment, dynamic and healthy economy, etc.), smart and sustainable sports tourism destinations" that were found to be the main advantages of using new technologies in sports tourism.

This study deals with the effect of structural empowerment on professional commitment of male referees with the mediating role of job characteristics in Iranian football premier League. Datacollected using a self-report survey. In addition to demographic items, the survey comprised 46 items measuring structural empowerment, professional commitment and, job characteristics. Experts in sports management and football refereeing confirmed the face and content validity of the questionnaire. 130 valid questionnaires completed by referees in the Persian Gulf Pro League in Iran. Structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis and, path analysis were conducted for data analysis by using PLS Smart software. The effects of structural empowerment on professional commitment (T-Value= 2.27 and ß= -0. 18) and job characteristics on professional commitment (T-Value = 8.93 and ß = 0.63) were both positive and significant. The effect of structural empowerment on job characteristics (T-Value = 4.94 and ß = 0.43) was positive and significant. Referee’s Job characteristics had a significant mediating role in the relationship between structural empowerment and their professional commitment (T-Value= 4.15, ß= 0.27). The findings can provide critical insights for sport managers be more efficient in the field of football refereeing.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal death, inflammation, and oxidative stress.Aim: We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise and intranasal insulin on spatial memory, blood glucose level, and Physical growth indicators including weight, head circumference, and tail length.Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks were into 9 gtoups at random (control, Sham, Aβ, Aβ + EX, Aβ +PINS, Aβ + INST, Aβ + EX + PINS, Aβ + EX + INST, and Aβ + EX + PINS + INST). We discovered that rats receiving Aβ25-35 had impaired spatial memory, which was associated with weight loss, brain growth retardation, Tail Length, and elevated blood glucose levels. Data from each trial was statistically analyzed using IBM SPSSStatistics 22 software, Two-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis Tukey test. The cut-off for statistical significance was P≤0.05.Results: Our results show that the improvement of spatial memory due to the improvement of metabolism and growth indicators can be affected by pretreatment exercise and intranasal insulin. Also, exercise training and intranasal insulin improved spatial memory and prevented brain growth retardation, increased blood glucose, weight loss, and tail length in animals treated with Aβ25-35.Conclusion: Exercise can amplify the positive benefits of intranasal insulin treatment on memory. The results of our research showed that exercise and insulin can prevent brain growth retardation and prevent spatial memory disorders by improving glucose metabolismy.

Background: Physical education (PE) plays a crucial role in fostering an enjoyment of physical activity (PA) and developing physical literacy in students. This, in turn, contributes to lifelong health and well-being. Aim: The study explored the association between teachers’ perceived physical literacy, students' enjoyment of PA, and physical literacy. This was done by investigating the mediating role of teachers' self-efficacy in teaching PE. Materials and Methods: The sample included 40 physical education teachers and 100 students in 7 to 9 grades of secondary education, totaling 140 participants. The teachers completed the Physical Education Teachers' Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI) and Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES). In contrast, the students completed the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) and Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ). Results The results from the structural equation modeling confirmed the model's fit and showed that teachers’ perceived physical literacy and self-efficacy have a direct and positive relationship with students' enjoyment of PA and physical literacy. Additionally, teachers' self-efficacy indirectly mediated the relationship between teachers’ perceived physical literacy and students' enjoyment of PA and physical literacy. Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of teachers' perceived physical literacy in fostering positive student outcomes concerning PA by mediating the role of teaching self-efficacy.

The research aimed to estimate the economic-recreational value of Yadegar Emam Stadium in Tabriz from the spectators' perspective using the contingent valuation approach. A sample size of 415 football fans attending the matches was studied through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used, and Logit and Probit rank-based methods with Stata software were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that factors including income, proposed price, watching matches on television, satisfaction with stadium facilities, and enjoyment from watching games, positively influenced the willingness to pay. Conversely, variables including education level, age, and marital status had a negative correlation with willingness to pay. These results highlight the significant economic and recreational value held by Yadegar Emam Stadium. The estimation data can aid in managerial decision-making, sports development, and planning, leading to economic and social benefits, and promoting the football industry.