درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Visually impaired individuals have higher risk of injuries particularly in sports like goalball. It is specifically designed for the visually impaired people. It is imperative to prevent injuries prior to their occurrence for avoiding negative effects on sporting success, financial losses, and motivation. This study was aimed to determin the Epidemiology and Associated Factors of Sports Injuries in Iranian Goalball Athletes. This study is a descriptive-correlational and retrospective research. A total of 205 male and female goalball athletes, aged between 18 and 50 years, completed the injury registration form. The Fuller et al. injury registration form was utilized for data collection. The information gathered included injury prevalence, injury mechanisms, injury severity, injury incidence across different anatomical regions, injury timing (training/competition), and injury type (acute or chronic). Frequency and percentage were used to assess injury prevalence, and the Chi-square test was employed to analyze relationships between variables. The highest prevalence of injuries was related to contusions and bruises (28.3%), while fractures and dislocations had the lowest prevalence (3.9%). No significant relationship was found between sports injury prevalence and factors such as age group, activity history, activity level, and sports class. The knee exhibited the highest frequency of local and overall anatomical injuries (19.5%), while the sole of the foot had the lowest frequency (1.0%). The most common types of injuries were facial and cheek abrasions, cuts, and wounds (8.3%), followed by wrist and shoulder muscle strains, each affecting 15 athletes (7.3%). Regarding injury mechanisms, the most fre

Intellectual impairment is one of the most common mental disorders associated with impaired balance and impaired motor performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of game-based intervention on postural control and motor performance in children with intellectual impairment. The population of this study was all of the intellectual impaired girls of Tehran and Mashhad City, and sample consisted of 20 educable intellectual impaired girls, who were healthy physically and voluntarily participated in this research. The subjects were randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups (n=10). The experimental groups had six weeks of game-based intervention with two sessions per week. During this period, the control group control group engaged in the routine activities of the physical education class. The Timed Up and GO and Stork tests were done as pre-posttest, respectively. Data were analyzed through descriptive and analysis of independent T-test. The findings showed that the implementation of the six-week exercise program led to improvements in static balance (P=0.001) and motor performance (P=0.001) of the participants in the game group compared to the control group. The findings of the study underline the importance of early, structured interventions for children with mild intellectual disabilities, particularly those based on game. Such interventions not only improve motor performance and balance but also contribute to overall physical, cognitive, and social development. Given the positive impact of game-based interventions, they should be integrated into rehabilitation and educational programs for children with intellectual disabilities to support their development and improve their quality of life.

Physical exercise is well-known for its systemic health benefits, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic health. However, its role in ocular health is an emerging area of interest. This review explores the current evidence on how regular physical activity can prevent and manage various eye diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataracts. The underlying mechanisms, such as improved ocular blood flow, reduced intraocular pressure (IOP), and enhanced metabolic control, are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how exercise contributes to maintaining eye health.

This research was conducted with the aim of integrating practical and theoretical strategies to enhance the motivation for sports participation among workers. The design of this research was cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all employees of Iranol Oil Company in Tehran in 2020, totaling 890 individuals. Among them, 261 were selected based on the Krejcie and Morgan table using the available sampling method. In this study, the tools used were the Sports Participation Motivation Scale (Gill et al., 1984), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006), and the Subjective Vitality Scale (Ryan and Frederick, 1997). Additionally, structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The research findings indicated that the model had a good fit. Accordingly, the findings showed that in the final model, the standardized path coefficients for adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation on sports participation motivation were 0.17 and -0.40, respectively. Therefore, the skill of emotion regulation (practical strategy) was significant in the relationship between the feeling of vitality (theoretical strategy) and sports participation motivation. Using the results obtained from the developed model of sports participation motivation, a foundation is laid for creating practical programs to improve the inclination towards sports participation among various segments of the population. Additionally, implementing interventions to educate individuals on learning emotion regulation strategies through changes in cognition and behavior to achieve greater self-regulation provides a practical basis for increasing sports participation. Ultimately, focusing on enhancing community vitality serves as a theoretical approach to reducing maladaptive emotion regulation, thereby fostering the growth of sports participation motivation.