درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: With the rapid digital transformation across the African continent, ensuring the protection of personal data through effective regulatory frameworks is crucial. Key regulations, including Nigeria’s Data Protection Regulation (NDPR) and the African Union’s Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, have been enacted to address growing concerns about data privacy and cybersecurity.Aims: This literature review critically examines the impact of data privacy regulations on cybersecurity practices in Nigeria and across Africa, focusing on empirical studies that highlight the interplay between regulation enforcement and cybersecurity outcomes.Methodology: This review synthesizes empirical studies that explore the effectiveness of these regulations in improving cybersecurity practices in both public and private sectors.Results: Empirical research from Nigeria indicates that while the NDPR has led to some positive changes in organizational data protection strategies, challenges in enforcement, resource allocation, and awareness continue to hinder its full impact. Studies reveal that small to medium enterprises (SMEs) face difficulties in complying with the regulations due to a lack of capacity and knowledge. Similarly, research across several African countries shows a significant gap in both the implementation of data privacy laws and the cybersecurity measures required to mitigate emerging threats, such as ransomware and data breaches. Furthermore, empirical evidence highlights that varying levels of regulatory enforcement across the continent result in inconsistent cybersecurity practices, leading to vulnerabilities in the digital infrastructure. The review also explores empirical findings on the socio-economic and political barriers that affect the successful enforcement of data privacy regulations, with particular focus on limited technical expertise, political instability, and insufficient resources for regulatory bodies. Additionally, studies suggest that there is a growing need for cross-border collaboration and capacity building to bridge the regulatory gaps and improve overall cybersecurity resilience.Conclusion: Empirical evidence underscores the need for stronger regulatory frameworks and greater cooperation across African nations to enhance the protection of personal data and fortify cybersecurity practices across the region. Recommendations for future policy development are provided, based on the insights gained from existing empirical studies.

Background: The rapid growth of computer technology in recent decades suggests that people today, in addition to print media, have many electronic information items that need to be managed appropriately and have increased the use of personal computers.Aims: This Researches descriptive and analytical based on the purpose of applied Research, and in terms of data collection and nature and comparison between the activities of personal information management and two measures of knowledge and skills has been presented.Methodology: The statistical population includes the students of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz in the academic year 2017-2018. To determine the statistical population, the sampling method was used by determining the total number of students 1300 and using the Karjesi-Morgan table, the approximate number of the sample was determined to be 297. The data collection was done using the questionnaire of 2012 and in order to analyze Pearson and Spearman correlation tests and AMOS and SPSS software were used.Results: The results of the survey show that knowledge and skill variables have a significant and positive effect on personal information management, and age, level of education, and school of study have a significant and positive effect on personal information management.Conclusions: The results of the research show that the status of personal information management of medical students in Jundishapur Ahvaz has a positive and meaningful effect based on the knowledge and skills of the students. According to the changes made in the management of personal information activities, it can be said that the difference in the amount and amount created in the variables of personal information management can be seen. The main reasons for this can include not having enough time, work pressures and lack of familiarity with the activities required for personal information management.

Background: The airline industry is highly competitive and service-oriented, making it particularly vulnerable to customer dissatisfaction and brand hate. Brand hate, defined as intense negative emotions toward a brand, can lead to consumer retaliation, boycotts, and long-term reputational damage in airline context.Aims: This study explores effective strategies for managing brand hate in the airline industry.Methodology: Using a dual-method qualitative approach, we conduct (1) a netnographic analysis from the consumer perspective and (2) five semi-structured interviews with airline managers, analyzed using Lexico 3.Findings: Our findings identify five key strategies for mitigating brand hate. Consistent with prior literature, we confirm that management processes and brand recovery are valuable for addressing short-term customer complaints. Additionally, we propose novel long-term strategies, including benchmarking and competitive intelligence, workplace control, and enhanced security measures. In fact, by integrating insights from both customers and brands, this research deepens the understanding of hate management and highlights the severe repercussions of consumer attrition for airline companies.Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the need for proactive interventions and equips managers with actionable strategies to reduce brand hate, repair customer relationships in digital environments, and enrich the literature on crisis management and relationship between consumer and brand.