درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Surah al-Jinn possesses a unique linguistic context, presenting the Jinn's encounters with the Quran, the bringer of the Quran, and the ultimate source of the Quran, namely God, in the form of speech acts. Therefore, in this paper, based on Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model, this Surah was examined through the formation of an ideological square. Assessing the effectiveness of Van Dijk's ideological square in analyzing the application of discursive strategies in Surah al-Jinn revealed that the polarization of the Surah's discursive system is structured around the belief and disbelief of Jinn and humans in the Quran and the Prophet's mission (PBUH), and the discourse of Surah al-Jinn flows on a foundation of ideological oppositions. A central dichotomy in Surah al-Jinn takes shape between the believing and disbelieving groups of Jinn. In this context, the group of believing Jinn strives to manifest its opposition to the "Other" by utilizing discursive components. What is presented in the discourse of Surah al-Jinn is a current generated by a group of believing Jinn who have heard the Quran. In effect, the "Other" (disbelieving Jinn) is represented by the believers from among the Jinn, and their beliefs are presented. The believing Jinn, with faith in Allah, the Messenger, and the Quran, employ discursive strategies such as "Stating Norms" and "Testifying" to "Highlight the Self," and utilize components like "Actor Description," "Categorization," "Distancing," "Deniers," and "Negative representation of the other and positive representation of the self" to "Marginalize the other." In the second half of Surah al-Jinn, we encounter the introduction of the main actor of the discourse, namely God, who solidifies power relations. The ultimate point in determining power relations is the description of God as the "Knower of the unseen

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: ‘Idālah (justice) in executing punishment against offenders must correspond with the circumstances of the crime and the offender at the time of commitment. Simultaneously with the determination and operationalization of punishments for various crimes, it is essential to consider all aspects of the criminals’ situation. Given that Islam seeks to uphold justice in all affairs, this study's primary objective is to propose solutions for implementing justice for offenders.METHOD & FINDING: Using an analytical-descriptive method, this study found that punishing all offenders solely based on a general law, without considering external factors of the crime and the criminal, including the individual's personality and social-psychological factors, is considered a crime itself, constituting another form of injustice.CONCLUSION: Rather than finding what the punishment for a specific crime is, we should inquire who the offenders are, what their level of education is, where they were raised, and the quality of their biological, neurological, and psychological conditions simultaneously at the time of committing the crime. Examining all aspects of the crimes and offenders, a just decree will be issued.