درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the psychological well-being of couples referring to the Dispute Resolution Council in Omidiyeh County. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and control group, along with a 45-day follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of couples who referred to the Dispute Resolution Council in Omidiyeh County in 2021. In the initial phase, a purposive sampling method was used to select 30 participants. These individuals were chosen from among those who had been engaged or married for four or five years, expressed a desire for separation, and had sought assistance from the Dispute Resolution Council. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, while the control group received no intervention and remained on a waiting list. Findings: The mean age in the ACT group was 33.31 ± 5 years, in the solution-focused approach group was 32.50 ± 3.72 years, and in the control group was 33.68 ± 5.04 years. The results of the mixed-design analysis of variance indicated that the intervention had a statistically significant effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (p < .05). Furthermore, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test demonstrated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was more effective in improving conflict resolution styles (p < .05). Conclusion: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be considered an effective approach for reducing problems arising from marital conflicts among individuals referring to the Dispute Resolution Council.

 Objective: This study investigated Gender-Leadership in the ivory tower, a survey of higher education institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A simple random sampling method was used to select a sample size of 372 academic and non-academic staff for this study. The instrument used for the study was the Gender-Leadership Questionnaire (GLQ). Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using a t-test.Results: The findings revealed no significant difference in the mean rating scores of women representations in leadership positions in Taraba State institutions of higher learning between academic and non-academic staff. Furthermore, the findings revealed no significant difference in the mean rating scores of underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in Taraba State institutions of higher learning between academic and non-academic staff. Women's representation in leadership positions is lopsided in favor of their male counterparts.Conclusion: Factors that contribute to women's underrepresentation in leadership positions include cognitive bias, uneven access to knowledge, opportunities and administrative responsibility, and societal privileges that favor the males among others.

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system, and the disability resulting from the disease impacts self-efficacy and various mental health dimensions of these patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to propose a structural model for predicting psychological well-being and emotional regulation based on resilience and self-efficacy among MS patients in Tehran. Methods: Given its objective, this research is of the applied type and descriptive in nature concerning data collection methods, specifically employing structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all individuals with MS attending treatment centers in Tehran in 2021, with a minimum sample size estimated at 150. The variables studied were based on the Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale, the Gross and John's Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Schwarzer and Jerusalem's Self-Efficacy Scale. Ultimately, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS software. Findings: According to the study's findings, all standardized coefficient values related to the dimensions of the latent variables were higher than 0.4, indicating that this measurement model has adequate reliability regarding the items of latent variables. Critical ratio values are usually introduced as validity parameters associated with the structural model and, in this study, all values were significant and outside the range of (-1.96, 1.96), with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability values greater than 0.7 and AVE values greater than 0.5. Conclusion: Thus, the model enjoys appropriate validity and reliability.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the role of socio-cultural factors (cultural values of marriage and perceived social support) in the criteria for partner selection among students of Shiraz city. Methods: This research employed a descriptive and correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch, who were studying in the year 2022. A sample of 377 individuals (235 females and 142 males) was selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants were assessed using the Marriage Cultural Values Questionnaire (Delkhomoush, 2013), the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Partner Selection Criteria Questionnaire (Schwartz & Hassebrook, 2012). After collection, the questionnaires were edited using SPSS software, and 26 items were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels. Findings: The analysis of the findings using multiple regression in a simultaneous method revealed that intellectual self-construal, emotional self-construal, hierarchical cultural values, and perceived social support significantly and positively influenced the partner selection criteria of the participants. Additionally, the results from the stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that among the socio-cultural factors, intellectual self-construal had the most substantial role in partner selection criteria. Conclusion: Therefore, in the modern era, with the development of individuals' socio-economic status, partner selection criteria have become more individualistic and oriented towards personal love and affection.

Objective: The current research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a cognitive-behavioral approach-based couple therapy program on parents and the reduction of internalized behavioral problems in students with autism spectrum disorder. Method: The present research design was quasi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The population consisted of all parents with autistic sons aged 10 to 15 years in the city of Mashhad, from which 56 eligible parents (couples) were selected through convenience sampling and placed into two groups: experimental and control (each group comprising 28 parents). The experimental group underwent twelve 90-minute sessions of couple therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach by Dattilio (2005; 2009), while the control group was on a waitlist. Both groups responded to the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist at three stages. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS.22 software. Findings: The results indicated that the implementation of couple therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach on parents significantly reduced the internalized behavioral problems (F=29.48, P<0.001) of children with autism spectrum disorder. This effect was sustained at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: It can be concluded that couple therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach was effective in reducing the internalized behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder, and this approach can be utilized to decrease the psychological problems of children with autism spectrum disorder.