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Objective: The aim of the present study was to test the structural model of relationships between personality pathology dimensions and cyberbullying mediated by contingent self-worth in adolescent girls. Methods: This study was tested using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research included all adolescent female students in District 2 of Tehran during the 2020-2021 academic year. According to the data obtained from the Tehran Department of Education, their total number was 145,398. Based on Michel’s criteria (1993) and using multi-stage cluster sampling, 300 participants were selected as the sample. They responded to the Contingent Self-Worth Questionnaire by Crocker et al. (2003), the Cyberbullying Questionnaire by Antoniadou et al. (2016), and the short form of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-BF). SPSS.22 and AMOS.22 software were used for data analysis. Findings: The findings from testing the structural model showed that the direct effect of abnormal personality on contingent self-worth was (-0.33), on cyberbullying (0.26), and the direct effect of contingent self-worth on cyberbullying was (-0.40). Contingent self-worth mediated the relationship between abnormal personality and cyberbullying, with the indirect effect of this relationship being (0.13) (P<0.01). Overall, the results indicated that the tested model had a good fit with the conceptual model (RMSEA=0.06; GFI=0.91). Conclusion: It can be concluded that contingent self-worth mediates the relationship between dimensions of abnormal personality and cyberbullying.

Aim: The primary propose of the current study is to propose a model for predicting suicidal ideation based on early maladaptive schemas, with the mediation of interpersonal needs among high school students.Method: Employing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the research investigated the interplay between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal needs. The methodology was purposefully, applied research, correlational in its descriptive nature, and rigorously adherent to the SEM design . The study encompassed the entire second-grade high school student population in Qazvin City during the academic year 2022-2023. A stratified multistage cluster sampling method systematically extracted a random sample of 600 students. Data collection utilized three standardized instruments: Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSSI), Young Schema-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Interpersonal Needs (INQ). Robust data analysis employed SPSS 25 and Smart PLS softwareFindings: The results indicated that maladaptive schemas exerted an indirect influence on suicidal ideation, mediated through interpersonal needs. Conversely, no direct effect of maladaptive schemas on suicidal ideation was observed. Maladaptive schemas, however, exhibited a direct association with interpersonal needs, (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), both of which demonstrated a direct correlation with suicidal ideation. The model's adequacy was confirmed through goodness-of-fit indices.Conclusion: The theoretical implications of this study significantly contributed to the understanding of the intricate relationships influencing suicidal ideation among high school students. Furthermore, the practical applications of these findings extended to educational organizations and counseling centers, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions aimed at reducing suicide rates in this demographic.

Objective: Intimate partner violence represents a prevalent issue for women and is strongly correlated with mental health difficulties. Previous research has primarily concentrated on identifying factors that can anticipate intimate partner violence, specifically individual and interpersonal factors. This investigation examines the structural associations between autonomy and IPV among Iranian women who have encountered such violence, shedding illumination on the intricate factors contributing to IPV and potential avenues for intervention. Methods:  The research method is a correlation, and the structural equation modeling method was used to test the proposed model. The statistical population was all women referred to counseling clinics in Bandar Abbas City in 2023. Data were collected from a sample of 306 Iranian women who had undergone IPV via purposive sampling method, utilizing a domestic violence questionnaire (Mohseni Tabrizi et al., 2013), basic psychological need satisfaction scale (La Guardia et al., 2000), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1979). Results: The findings corroborated the appropriate fit of the proposed model and disclosed that autonomy exerted noteworthy direct and indirect effects on IPV, which were mediated through self-esteem. Conclusion: The findings show that with the increase in women's autonomy, intimate partner violence decreases, and self-esteem plays a moderating role in the relationship between these two variables. These outcomes provide valuable novel insights into the intricate dynamics of IPV and hold promise for the development of targeted interventions aimed at preventing IPV and supporting the well-being of affected individuals.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of dysfunctional schemas, dark personality traits, emotional inhibition, and shame in predicting unsatisfactory sexual relations of couples. Methods:  The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of its implementation method; it is a descriptive and correlational study. In the current research, the research community was formed by all couples with sexual dissatisfaction in Tabriz city in 1401. 160 of these couples were selected by voluntary sampling method and Hudson et al. (1981) sexual satisfaction scale questionnaires, Jonason and Webster's Dirty Dozen questionnaire (2010), Yang schema questionnaire (2003), Kellner's emotional inhibition questionnaire (1986) and Cohen, Wolff, Guilt, and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation), correlation coefficient, and regression were used, observing the statistical assumptions in regression theories. Penter and Insko (2011) were completed. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: The findings showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) were positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The correlation coefficient results showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) was positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The results of regression analysis showed that The value of the coefficient of determination for the variables of ineffective schemas, narcissism, emotional inhibition, and shame had been obtained as 0.403, 0.336, 0.347 and 0.329, respectively, and it means that sexual dissatisfaction variable is 40.3% by Dysfunctional schemas can be predicted by 33.6% narcissism, 34.7% by emotional inhibition and 32.9% by shame; where the significance level for these variables was less than 0.05, it can be concluded that this effect is significant. Conclusion:  It is possible to reduce sexual dissatisfaction in couples with programs that reduce dysfunctional schemas, dark personalities, emotional inhibition, and shame.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a structural equation modeling for the effect of personality traits on bulimia nervosa with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in nurses. Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study that employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares. The research population consisted of all nurses of medical sciences hospitals in Tabriz in 2022. The research sample was 335 people who were selected using stratified sampling. The research tools employed for this purpose were the shorter form of NEO-FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory; 1985), the Binge Eating Scale (BES; Gormally et al., 1982), and Schering's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1996). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and Smart PLS 3 plus SPSS 26 were used for data analysis.  Results: The results showed that in the proposed model, the five main personality traits, except the extroversion variable, have a significant direct and indirect effect on bulimia nervosa,  and another implication of this research is the significant direct effect of emotional intelligence on bulimia nervosa. Another finding was the significant direct effect of the main personality traits on emotional intelligence. Conclusion: The results suggest that interventions for bulimia nervosa should embed education on personality traits and emotional intelligence because, according to the findings, the lower the personality traits, such as neuroticism and higher emotional intelligence, the lower the probability of bulimia nervosa.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a specialized package for women with body dysmorphic disorder and schema therapy on perfectionism and maladaptive schemas in women afflicted with body dysmorphic disorder. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases involving two experimental groups and one control group, conducted among women with body dysmorphic disorder visiting psychological centers in Isfahan in the first half of 2022. For this purpose, 45 women were selected by convenience and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received the specialized package for women with body dysmorphic disorder (researcher-designed), and the second experimental group underwent schema therapy according to the protocol of Young and colleagues (2023) over ten 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Participants completed the Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995) and Young's Schema Questionnaire (1998) at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software. Findings: There were significant differences between the groups receiving the specialized package and schema therapy and the control group in terms of negative perfectionism and rejection schemas (p < .01). Additionally, there were differences between the group receiving the specialized package and the schema therapy group in terms of positive perfectionism, autonomy schemas, impaired performance, and impaired limits (p < .01), such that the specialized package had an effect on positive perfectionism, and schema therapy had an impact on autonomy schemas, impaired performance, and impaired limits (p < .05). Moreover, neither treatment had an effect on schemas of other-directedness and hypervigilance. Conclusion: Specialists are recommended to utilize both interventions to improve women with body dysmorphic disorder in terms of reducing negative perfectionism and rejection schemas, to use the specialized package for enhancing positive perfectionism, and to employ schema therapy for reducing autonomy schemas and impaired functioning and limits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and emotion-focused therapy on attachment patterns, communication patterns, and lifestyle of incompatible couples who referred to counseling centers. Methods: This study is applied research in nature and quasi-experimental in execution, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples with incompatible spouses who referred to counseling centers (Behesht Counseling Center) in Isfahan in 2022. From this population, 45 individuals were selected using convenience and purposive sampling and divided into three groups: two experimental groups (each with 15 participants) and one control group (15 participants). The first experimental group underwent Goodwin's positive psychotherapy (2018) in ten sessions, and the second experimental group underwent Johnson's emotion-focused therapy (2006) in eight sessions. The questionnaires used in this study were Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Questionnaire (1987), Christensen and Sullaway's Communication Patterns Questionnaire (1984), and Miller-Smith's Lifestyle Questionnaire (2003). Findings: Using covariance analysis, the results indicated that, after controlling for pre-test levels, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups of incompatible couples in terms of attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure), communication patterns (constructive mutual), communication pattern (demand/withdraw), communication pattern (avoidant), and lifestyle. The effect size was 0.48 for emotion-focused therapy. Similarly, significant differences were observed for positive psychotherapy with an effect size of 0.41. There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and emotion-focused therapy on attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure). Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that emotion-focused therapy has a greater impact on attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure) compared to positive psychotherapy. Significant differences were also observed in the impact on communication patterns (constructive mutual, demand/withdraw, and avoidant) and lifestyle, with emotion-focused therapy showing a greater effect.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the combined Eyberg Parent-Child Interaction Training and personality-centered parenting on internalizing and externalizing problems in children aged 7 to 10 years. Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The research population included mothers of children aged 7 to 10 years in Tehran with internalizing and externalizing problems. From this population, 30 mothers were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two equal groups (each group consisting of 15 participants). The experimental group received eight 90-minute online sessions of Eyberg Parent-Child Interaction Training and personality-centered parenting, while the control group received no intervention. For data analysis, first, descriptive information related to the research variables was provided. Findings: After confirming the assumptions for using covariance analysis, the hypothesis test results indicated that the combined intervention package of Eyberg Parent-Child Interaction and personality-centered parenting had an effect on internalizing and externalizing problems (p < .01). Comparison of the effect sizes obtained showed that the intervention package had the most significant impact on four components (aggression, thought problems, somatic complaints, and anxiety/depression) out of a total of eight behavioral problem components (p < .01). The effect size (eta coefficient) demonstrates the intervention's impact on the dependent variables. Comparison of the effect sizes showed that the intervention package had the greatest impact on anxiety/depression with an eta coefficient of 0.511, followed by thought problems with an eta coefficient of 0.443, aggression with an eta coefficient of 0.385, and somatic complaints with an eta coefficient of 0.351. Conclusion: The findings indicated that parental training led to a reduction in children's internalizing and externalizing problems. The results suggest that prioritizing and examining parenting styles should be considered the first line of treatment, as children learn how to interact with others within the family, and family experiences serve as models for their future social relationships.

Objective: By the end of 2014, an estimated 6,851,000 adult individuals were in the United States criminal justice system. Many of these individuals are racially and ethnically minoritized men. These families have been adversely impacted by the loss of adult family members who have been sent to prison. Family therapy has been recommended for successful reentry from incarceration into the home and community. Methods: Structural family therapy (SFT) aims to restructure the family’s organization to decrease dysfunction and establish flexible boundaries. SFT and the use of culturally sensitive practices are key to the success of family therapy for this population. Findings: This case study showcases SFT’s main components including rules, roles, hierarchies, and boundaries. Clinical implications advise to explore the effectiveness of using culturally informed care practices when using SFT models when a parent is incarcerated. Conclusion: Correctional facilities should take a deep dive into the importance of investing in programs of essential skills that will not only help the individual to return to society but can lead to the reduction of recidivism.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of mindfulness training on experiential avoidance, self-compassion, and certain physiological indices in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Method: This applied research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The population included all women with stage 1 and 2 breast cancer who were under medical care after completing chemotherapy or radiotherapy at Shahid Tajrish Hospital in 2020-2021. A convenience sampling method was used to select 40 female breast cancer patients, who were equally divided into an experimental group (20 participants) and a control group (20 participants). Data were collected using the Neff's Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), the Bond et al.'s Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (2011), and physiological indices. Mindfulness training, based on the protocol by Lengacher et al. (2019), consisted of 8 sessions of 90 minutes each for the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: The results indicated that mindfulness training significantly increased self-compassion (F = 6.35, p < .05) and decreased experiential avoidance (F = 4.75, p < .05) in women with breast cancer. Additionally, the training significantly reduced cortisol levels (F = 7.38, p < .05), but did not have a significant effect on the concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.83, p > .05) and CRP (F = 0.04, p > .05). Conclusion: Considering the current findings, it can be said that mindfulness training is effective in improving the psychological condition and reducing stress in women with breast cancer.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training based on the theories of Tolman and Bandura on the problem-solving styles of middle school students. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental. The population consisted of all female first-year middle school students in Hamadan, with a sample size of 75 students (three groups of 25), selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The D'Zurilla, Nezu, and Maydeu-Olivares problem-solving questionnaire (2000) was used for data collection. Problem-solving training sessions based on Tolman's theory followed a protocol provided by Tolman (1932), and those based on Bandura's theory followed a protocol by Bandura (1999), conducted over eight 60-minute weekly sessions for two months. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and the Scheffé post hoc test. Findings: There were differences in the impact of training based on these theories on students' problem-solving styles (P < .01). Training based on Tolman's theory was more effective in reducing the use of negative and impulsive problem-solving styles compared to training based on Bandura's theory (P < .01). Conclusion: These trainings increased the use of positive and logical orientation styles and decreased the use of negative, avoidant, and impulsive styles among students.