درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Oral exams are a threatening situation for students, and avoidance behaviours such as postponement and expression inhibition, are ways of coping with tests anxiety. Present study aims to classify students into profiles based upon their levels of test anxiety and behavioural avoidance and explore differences in cognitive-regulation strategies and skills across the profiles. Participants (N=155) completed self-reports in an online survey. Latent class analysis identified four profiles of students combining levels of test anxiety, expression inhibition, and postponement. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated differences across groups in emotion regulation strategies with catastrophizing and rumination as the most employed in highly test anxious groups, and positive reappraisal in lowest test anxiety groups. In emotion regulation difficulties, the most distressed groups exhibited more deficits to control interference in goal-oriented behaviours, control impulses and emotion acceptance, compared with the remaining groups. Results support inclusion of emotion-regulation training in treatment of oral test anxiety.

Objective: While the virtual space has positive functionalities, it can also have potentially harmful effects on families and couples. The present qualitative study aimed to explore the individual, interpersonal, and social factors that could help reduce marital infidelity in the virtual space, using a phenomenological method. Methods:  The statistical population of the study included couples with a history of virtual infidelity referred from the family court in Urmia city. The sample size consisted of 81 participants (12 women and 6 men) who were selected through non-random purposive sampling. The tool of the current research was a semi-structured interview that was conducted in the context of individual, interpersonal, and social factors influencing the prevention of marital infidelity in cyberspace. Results: The data were coded and analyzed using thematic coding. After coding the interviews and categorizing the themes, a total of 7 individual indicators (differentiation, avoiding extremes in marital life, foresight, preventing a crisis in life, strengthening individual competencies, maintaining physical and mental health, and possessing family, ethical, and spiritual competencies), 3 interpersonal indicators (the ability to communicate effectively, both verbally and nonverbally, the presence of intimacy in life, and diminishing interpersonal conflicts), and 4 social indicators (the nature of one’s job and economic status, the presence of stringent laws, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and the existence of diverse healthy and joyful programs in society) were identified. Conclusion: The results indicate that if couples possess the necessary individual and interpersonal skills and society provides the required actions and facilities, the likelihood of virtual infidelity may significantly decrease.

Paying attention to the quality of life of cardiac patients is very important, because heart diseases can have severe effects on the quality of life of patients and also their families. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and compassion-focused therapy on the quality of life among heart patients. The method of the present study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The population included all people with coronary artery diseases referred to hospitals, clinics, centers and specialized heart offices in Shiraz in the third quarter of 2023, from whom 45 people were selected as the sample using convenience sampling and assigned into three groups of 15 in each group. The data was collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1993). Cognitive-behavioral therapy was implemented according to the protocol by Rezaian et al. (2014) and compassion-focused therapy was implemented according to the self-compassion protocol (Gilbert, 2009). Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of covariance by SPSS version 26. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and compassion-focused therapy were effective on quality of life (P<0.01), and the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on quality of life was greater than cognitive-behavioral therapy. These findings highlight the importance of using compassion-focused approaches in promoting the mental health of cardiac patients.

 Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of music therapy on behavioral problems in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.Methods: The research method of this study was quasi-experimental using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder in special schools and counseling centers of Bandar Anzali city during the academic year 2023-2024. A total of 30 individuals were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals). The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used for both groups. The experimental group received ten 45-minute sessions of music therapy intervention, while the control group received no intervention. After the completion of the therapy sessions, the questionnaire was administered again to both groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical method with SPSS-27 software at a significance level of p < 0.05.Results: The results showed that music therapy is effective in improving behavioral problems of high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that music therapy can be used to improve behavioral problems of high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder in schools or rehabilitation centers.