درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The present study aimed to predict marital burnout in individuals married for 5 to 10 years based on attachment styles, with the mediating roles of marital self-regulation and marital intimacy. Methods and Materials: This study was analytical-correlational in nature, employing path analysis. The sample consisted of 384 married individuals (164 men and 220 women) who were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were aged between 25 and 45, with a marriage duration of 5 to 10 years. Data were collected using validated questionnaires, including the Marital Burnout Scale (Kayser, 1996), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the Behavioral Self-Regulation for Effective Relationships Scale (Wilson et al., 2005), and the Intimacy Scale (Walker & Thompson, 1983). SPSS and Amos software were used for data analysis, applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine direct and indirect effects. Findings: The results indicated that marital self-regulation and intimacy mediated the relationship between attachment styles and marital burnout. Avoidant and anxious attachment styles positively predicted marital burnout, while secure attachment negatively predicted it. Additionally, self-regulation and intimacy were significant mediators, with higher levels of self-regulation and intimacy associated with lower marital burnout. Avoidant and anxious attachment styles negatively influenced self-regulation and intimacy, which in turn increased marital burnout. Conclusion: The study concluded that attachment styles significantly impact marital burnout, with self-regulation and intimacy playing crucial mediating roles. Individuals with insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) are more prone to marital burnout, whereas secure attachment leads to lower burnout. Interventions aimed at improving self-regulation and intimacy in couples may help mitigate the effects of insecure attachment styles on marital burnout.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Olson's marital enrichment training, Lazarus's multimodal therapy, and Islamic approach-based marital skills training on marital satisfaction and conflicts among couples. Methods: The present study is applied in terms of its objective and quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, involving three experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included couples who referred to psychology centers and clinics in Isfahan during the second half of 2023. Among them, 80 participants (40 couples) with low compatibility and dissatisfaction with marital life were selected using a non-random convenience sampling method. They were then randomly and equally divided into four groups of 20 individuals (10 couples per group). The measurement tools included the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Fowers & Olson, 1998), the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Sanaei & Barati, 2008), and the intervention packages for multimodal therapy based on Lazarus's approach, Olson's marital enrichment program, and Islamic approach-based marital skills training (Salarifar, 2021). Each experimental group underwent eight 90-minute training sessions. Findings: The results indicated that all three educational-therapeutic packages were effective in reducing conflicts and increasing marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that qualitative research be conducted to identify the factors contributing to marital dissatisfaction and conflicts. Subsequently, any of these three therapeutic and educational approaches can be utilized for more in-depth resolution of couples' issues.

The present study aims to examine the mediating role of narcissism in the relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout among secondary school teachers in Zahedan. This research utilized a descriptive-correlational design. The study sample consisted of 213 teachers from elementary and secondary schools in Zahedan during the academic year 2024-2025, selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants completed the Maslach and Jackson Burnout Inventory (1981), the Allen and Meyer Organizational Commitment Scale (1990), and the Ames Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16). The data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modelling. The results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout among secondary school teachers in Zahedan, with narcissism acting as a mediating variable. Narcissism serves as a mediator between organizational commitment and job burnout among teachers; therefore, increasing narcissism and enhancing organizational commitment are recommended as preventive measures against teacher burnout.

Aim: This article explores the cognitive operations of the mind, examining components such as basic cognitive systems, cognitive distortion, thinking, memory, perception, feelings, and emotions. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these elements interact and their roles in information processing. Method: By analyzing each cognitive component, we aim to clarify the complex mechanisms of human thought and behavior. Our conscious experience evolves alongside the development of cognitive faculties, and as these faculties improve, our capacity for rational thought and conscious awareness increases. Finding: This study investigates the processes involved in the formation of logical patterns in the human mind, as well as the mechanisms underlying the emergence of cognitive distortion. Results: Cognitive distortion can significantly impact our perceptions and judgments, leading to inaccurate decisions. Recognizing and understanding these cognitive biases such as the availability heuristic, anchoring effect, and self-serving bias are crucial for enhancing critical thinking and decision-making skills. By fostering a greater awareness of our cognitive limitations, we can strive for more objective analyses in our interactions with the world, ultimately improving both our personal and collective decision-making outcomes. Conclusion: Conscious experience is essential for enhancing logical abilities by shaping cognitive processes through sensory input and interactions. It enriches reasoning with creativity and empathy, allowing our understanding of the mind to evolve as we gather new information.