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Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill for language learners, yet EFL students often encounter obstacles in developing this ability. Grounded in the sociocultural theory, the current study explored the impact of teacher interactional scaffolding and peer collaborative scaffolding on the reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners in a blended learning context. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating quantitative analysis of pre-and post-reading comprehension tests as well as qualitative examination of semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that both teacher interactional scaffolding and peer collaborative scaffolding significantly enhanced learners' reading comprehension. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two scaffolding approaches. Qualitative data analysis uncovered EFL learners' positive attitudes toward both forms of scaffolding, citing the dynamic support, collaborative problem-solving, and development of metacognitive skills as key benefits. The study underscores the pivotal role of scaffolding in facilitating EFL reading comprehension, with teacher interactional and peer collaborative scaffolding serving as complementary pedagogical strategies. Implications of this research include the need for EFL instructors to incorporate a judicious blend of teacher-led and peer-mediated scaffolding techniques to optimize learners' reading comprehension development. Additionally, the study highlights the adaptability of scaffolding approaches to blended learning environments, where the interactions between teachers, peers, and learners may necessitate innovative scaffolding implementations. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on the efficacy of sociocultural learning principles in enhancing EFL reading comprehension.

In spite of numerous extant studies on IELTS test-taking techniques, insufficient research has examined the effect of such techniques on reading performance among IELTS test-takers across proficiency levels. Therefore, this study, adopting an explanatory mixed-methods design, investigated the potential effect of test-taking techniques on IELTS reading scores gained by B1 and B2 level learners. The sample comprised 62 B1-level and 63 B2-level learners. The participants were placed into four groups consisting of two experimental and two control groups. In the two experimental groups, 17 reading test-taking techniques were explicitly taught and practiced. The four groups took reading pretest and posttest before and after the treatment. Ultimately, 15 participants from each experimental group partook in semi-structured interviews. The quantitative analysis showed the significant effect of teaching test-taking techniques on both B1 and B2-level learners' reading performance scores with the B1-level learners outperforming their B2-level counterparts. As for the qualitative data analysis, the results yielded eight themes for B1-level learners and seven themes for B2-level learners. Also, the results indicated that B1-level learners earned a notably higher number theme instances than B2-level learners. The results are discussed and implications for language learning, teaching, and testing are provided.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of using new educational technologies (interactive PowerPoint) on the collaborative learning of sixth grade students. The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose and semi-experimental one in terms of data collection method. The selected research design is the pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research (250) includes all the sixth grade students of Qazvin city, Lower Tarem region, in the academic year 2017-2018. Using simple random sampling method, 50 people (25 control group and 25 experimental group) were selected. The main data collection method is library research method. For data collect purpose, participatory and active learning questionnaire (Cho and Bavli, 2007) has been used. The data collection instrument is a package of using modern educational technologies (interactive PowerPoint). Content validity was checked to secure the validity of the research and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The reliability of the questionnaire was found to be 0.85. In the descriptive statistics section, statistical characteristics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation have been reported, and in the inferential statistics section, the KS test was employed to determine whether the variables are parametric or non-parametric. Also, one-variable covariance analysis was run using SPSS23 software. The results of the present study indicated that the use of new educational technologies (interactive PowerPoint) had a positive and significant effect on the group dynamics and project of the sixth grade elementary students. The findings of the present research also revealed that making use of use of new educational technologies (interactive PowerPoint) had a significant effect on the collaborative learning of students. It also indicated that the use of new educational technologies (interactive PowerPoint) had a significant effect on the dimensions of collaborative learning (group dynamics, doing work on the project, feedback) and students' feedback

This study investigates how HEXACO personality traits—honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness—shape risk-taking, risk perception, and perceived benefits among undergraduate accounting students, informing teaching strategies to enhance ethical and audit competencies. In First quarter of 2025, data were collected from 170 accounting students at Tehran universities using validated personality and risk-taking measures adapted for classroom contexts. The analysis confirmed the soundness of these instruments. Findings indicate that honesty-humility reduces unethical behavior, while conscientiousness supports more cautious decision-making. An ethical risk-taking paradox emerged, as situational pressures sometimes encouraged risky choices despite ethical concerns. Emotionality and extraversion shaped risk behaviors by influencing how students perceived risks and benefits. The study suggests ethics-focused case studies and audit simulations as effective teaching strategies, showing how personality-informed approaches can strengthen ethical judgment and technical precision in accounting education. Grounded in experiential learning and self-efficacy principles, these findings align with global movements toward competency-based education that surpass traditional models.