درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Structural design extends beyond merely creating forms to withstand forces; it incorporates various technical and non-technical elements within architectural design. The true value of structural knowledge emerges during the design process when these elements are thoroughly understood. Achieving this understanding necessitates the provision of diverse types of structural knowledge capable of informing design and analysis. Additionally, by exploring various structural design methodologies, two principal types of cognition — "geometric" and "numerical" — can significantly help designers navigate the complex requirements of structural design. This research aims to investigate the different forms of structured knowledge relevant to architectural design, ultimately addressing the central question of how geometric and numerical comprehension of structures contributes to the architectural design process. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative study approach. It begins by defining and detailing the characteristics of geometric and numerical cognition within the design framework, subsequently elucidating their interrelationship in architectural design. Findings suggest that geometric and numerical cognitions of structures, articulated through distinct languages, correspond to various roles in designing mechanical and spatial aspects, as well as different levels of structural comprehension at various design stages. Geometric cognition, due to its linguistic proximity to the design step, has the capability to examine and apply structural knowledge from the initial stages of form design to its actual construction phase. On the other hand, numerical cognition primarily focuses on the detailed examination of the mechanical and load-bearing aspects of the structure in its analytical step.

A considerable share of dysfunctions in the social, economic, physical–functional, and decision-making systems of deteriorated urban fabrics in many countries, including Iran, originates from the absence, weakness, or inadequacy of laws and regulations. These instruments, designed to guide legislators and urban decision-makers in controlling development, promoting social justice, and ensuring a safe and livable environment, often fail to achieve their intended goals due to shortcomings, contradictions, or conflicting objectives. Qazvin, chosen as the case study for this research, is one of Iran’s historic cities and a pioneer in urban planning. Nevertheless, its deteriorated urban fabric is of particular importance given its scale, proximity to heritage assets and valuable urban spaces, and the severity of its physical and social challenges. This study examines the existing laws and regulations, their impacts on physical–functional, socio-cultural, economic, decision-making, and environmental–natural systems, and evaluates their influence on the regeneration of Qazvin’s deteriorated urban fabric. The research pursues two main objectives: (1) to address or mitigate problems arising from the enactment or implementation of relevant laws and regulations, and (2) to identify potential solutions to enhance their effectiveness. To achieve this, impact analysis techniques were employed alongside the Delphi method to propose strategies for improvement. Findings highlight the crucial role of laws and regulations in urban regeneration. Drafting such frameworks requires a comprehensive, multidimensional approach grounded in the needs of residents. Success depends on active community participation, the application of appropriate analytical tools, and collective decision-making to address the intertwined physical, social, economic, and environmental dysfunctions of deteriorated areas.