تحلیل پدیدارشناختی بازنمایی بدن های نابهنجار در نمایشنامه های خانه، زمستان 66، ماه عسل و دل سگ (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ادبیات نمایشی ایران سرشار از شخصیت ها و روایت های گونه گونی است که موشکافی آن ها می تواند فهم ما را از تاریخ اندیشه معاصر ایران افزون کند. پدیدارشناسی بیماری که به بدن زیسته و بیولوژیک فرد در هنگام بیماری یا اختلال می پردازد، فرصتی است برای واکاوی تجربه ی زیسته ی افراد دارای بدن های نابهنجار به عنوان یک اقلیت اجتماعی. الیور ساکس این نابهنجاری ها را به سه دسته ی بدن های کاسته شده، زیادی شده و دگردیسی شده بخش می کند. در پژوهش پیش رو به مساله ی بازنمایی بدن بیمار در آثار برگزیده ای از ادبیات نمایشی ایران پرداخته شده و تجربه ی جسمانی شخصیت ها با اختلال های بدن آگاهی در مطالعات عصب شناختی مقایسه شده است. نگارندگان پس از بررسی متون نمایشی معاصر ایرانی، چهار نمایشنامه ی خانه ، زمستان 66 ، ماه عسل و دل سگ را برای بررسی حضور این سه دسته بدن برگزیدند. هدف این پژوهش کیفی که با روش توصیفی تحلیلی و بهره گیری از منابع اسنادی به انجام رسیده است، بازبینی شیوه های نمایش بدن نابهنجار در هنرهای نمایشی معاصر ایران و بررسی راهکارهای زدودن نگرش منفی نسبت به این بدن ها در آفرینش هنری است. گام های پدیدارشناسی بیماری و علایم تجربه ی اختلال در بدن مندی را در توصیفات شخصیت های نمایشنامه های مورد بحث می شود باز یافت. آشتی با بازنمایی بدن های بیمار و نابهنجار برپایه ی شناخت درست از اختلال های بدن آگاهی، می تواند یاری رسان هنرمندان برای خلق فرم های بدیع در نگارش نمایشنامه باشد.Phenomenological Analysis of the Representation of Abnormal Bodies in Plays: House, Winter 66, Honeymoon, and Dog's Heart
Iran's dramatic literature contains a variety of characters and narratives that can help us understand contemporary history. Phenomenology of illness, which explores the experiences of individuals with abnormal bodies during illness, examines the lived experiences of this social minority. In this article, the authors discuss the representation of the patient's body in selected works of Iranian dramatic literature and compare the physical experiences of the characters. The goal is to explore how sick or abnormal bodies are portrayed in contemporary Iranian performing arts and to propose ways to address negative attitudes toward these bodies in artistic creation.This qualitative research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and relied on documentary sources for data collection. The authors note that the representation of sick bodies in contemporary Iranian drama literature is limited, but aspects of illness phenomenology and physical disorder symptoms are evident in the descriptions of the characters in the discussed plays. The authors suggest that a more accurate understanding of body awareness disorders can help artists achieve new perspectives and insights in their plays.This research used purposeful sampling for data collection, and the theoretical framework is based on the phenomenological approach. Phenomenology refers to the tradition initiated by Edmund Husserl in the early 20th century and further developed by later philosophers. After Husserl, Martin Heidegger developed the knowledge of phenomenology with a reference to Husserl. Heidegger believed that the world is not something separate from man that can be analyzed. Man and existence are two sides of the same coin. This notion was continued by French philosophers, such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, who pointed out the importance of the body as a mediator between consciousness and the world.Illness, physical abnormality, or disability puts a person in a social minority position. And like members of any other minority group, the mentally and physically ill may also be subject to being forgotten, marginalized, and ignored.Artists, like other members of a community, are exposed to the harm of misbehavior with this minority group. They may forget and ignore people with diseased or abnormal bodies in their work, marginalize them, fail to understand their different ways of relating to the world, and worst of all, ridicule them or use them to win the audience's pity.Upon reviewing contemporary Iranian dramatic texts for analysis, the authors observed the absence of sick or disabled individuals as the main characters. However, in the selected works, individuals with diseased or abnormal bodies play a central role, and the authors have not looked at them as objects from the outside and sought to understand and convey their experiences to readers by approaching their worldview. Three types of bodies were identified for analysis based on the division of Oliver Sacks: lost, excessed, and transported bodies. The plays "House" and "Winter 66" illustrate the lost body, "Honeymoon" depicts the excessed body, and "Dog's Heart" reflects the transported body.Thus, in the aforementioned plays, different types of abnormal bodies are placed at the center of the story, and their interaction with other characters determines the course of the narrative.
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