درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Stylistics, as a scientific discipline, derives from the methods of expression and the reasons for choosing one form of expression over another, as well as the relationships between the expression and its speaker. The primary application of stylistics is in the literary aspect of texts. This study utilizes stylistics as a tool for understanding the structure and style of the Quran. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and library study, aims to examine the stylistics of single-Ᾱyah stories in the Quran and conducts a linguistic analysis at three levels: phonetic, lexical, and grammatical. The linguistic features found in the single-Ᾱyah stories of the Quran cause a variation in style. Among the elements that have the most significant impact on the stylization of the stories is the element of repetition. The technique of repetition emerges with various functions at the levels of letters, words, and sentences. Additionally, elements such as contrast, conditional sentences, exclamatory sentences, nominal sentences, and emotional expressions transform the audience's feelings based on the specific aim of each story. Stylistic changes occur under the influence of various factors in these stories, and the style changes in accordance with the meanings and objectives of the narratives. By employing linguistic characteristics and rhetorical elements, the style of speech varies based on the audience's state and the specific goals of the narrative. Stylistic changes such as the number of verbs, changes in the arrangement and frequency of letters, and changes in the tone of the style of the narratives correspond to their content and expressive style

The Qur’an is the most fundamental and authentic source of the Islamic law ( sharīʿah ) and the primary reference for attaining the principles of Islam among all Muslims. Throughout the history of Islamic civilization, scholars have derived answers to many of their religious questions on diverse issues from the noble verses of the Qur’an. Within this framework, the Qur’anic verses have also served as the primary fountainhead of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), guiding the practical lives of devout Muslims. Nevertheless, it appears that certain opinions expressed in the corpus of fiqh literature are not fully aligned with the recommendations and guidance offered in the Qur’an. One such area of tension concerns the Qur’an’s proposed model for dealing with those who show disrespect toward religious sanctities, which seems to be inconsistent with the prevailing jurisprudential approach. In view of the importance of this issue, the present study adopts a problem-oriented approach and employs a descriptive-analytical method. It first elucidates the manner in which the Qur’an addresses this phenomenon and then, based on the Qur’anic model, critically evaluates the Shia jurisprudential opinions in light of these teachings. The findings indicate that the current jurisprudential approach is not capable of withstanding the unequivocal principles ( muḥkamāt ) of the Qur’an or the practical conduct ( sīrah ʿamalīyyah ) of the Prophet and Shia Imams. At the very least, this approach destabilizes the basis of the prevailing  jurisprudential ruling and suggests the adoption of a perspective that maximizes the protection of human life and does not permit coercive measures except on the basis of definitive evidence.

The significance of revelation and God's communication with divine prophets has long been a focus of Islamic researchers. However, what holds substantial importance in this context is the role and position of the spirit in the process of Quranic revelation. The present study aims to analyze the verses and traditions through a descriptive-analytical method and an ijtihadi approach, considering previous research, to decode the true essence of the spirit in Quranic culture. Based on the analyses conducted, the "Spirit (Rūḥ)" is a creation that transcends angels, possessing a high and exalted rank, which God has attributed to Himself as a mark of honor and to express His greatness. Furthermore, the primary objective of this paper is to explore the role of the spirit in the process of revelation. According to the reasons and arguments derived from the verses and traditions, in direct revelation, the beginning and end of the process of transferring revelation to the heart of the prophet is carried out by the spirit (Waḥyan). In God's communication with humanity through the intermediary of the messenger, the spirit initially receives the content from the Lord, and Gabriel transmits it from the spirit (Yursilu Rasūlan) to the heart of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It is also possible that there are other intermediaries in the process of transferring revelation from the spirit to Gabriel.

The story of Adam has been a site of debate among religious scholars for various reasons. In this context, examining how commentators engage with the text and articulating their logic of understanding play a significant role in acknowledging the evolution of thought in interpretation. A cognitive triptych by Ayatollah Javadi Amoli regarding the understanding of "The world, human beings, and knowledge" in relation to verses 30-34 can guide us towards this important discourse. The tripartite focus of understanding logic in this story centers on anthropology and defining the characteristics of the perfect human in his relationship with God as the Creator of the Caliphate, and with angels acting as the disciples of the Caliph. From this perspective, the faculty of knowledge of names, which is the source of Caliphate, is endowed in all humans, and the will is the factor that fosters human dignity or conceals it, leading to a fall into bestiality and wickedness. This scene, from a cosmological viewpoint, is transcendent in time and free from the possibility of error, contrasting with the material world as the place of the human elemental body and the origin of its evolutionary movement. In the epistemological dimension, the commentator believes in the existence of levels of knowledge based on the nature of the objects of knowledge across longitudinal realms. Accordingly, the realm of proclamation exists in the intellectual realm and the rights of humans within the status of the self-sufficient being and the realm of the soul. From his perspective, the story of Adam is a case of an external personal matter and informs of a divine and continuous tradition in creating a Caliph on Earth. His departure from the theory of corporeal creation and spiritual permanence in explaining the realms of the soul is also noteworthy in this narrative. The commentator’s statements show the influence of the content of Shia narratives, alongside a prominent application of mystical and philosophical teachings and assumptions