ارزیابی نظریه «نجات در پرتو تمسک به عترت و صحابه»، نقدی بر دیدگاه فخر رازی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
برخی از مفسران اهل سنت سعی نموده اند ضمن داخل نمودن محبت صحابه در کنار محبت اهل بیت (ع)، با طرح ادعاهایی فقط اهل سنت را اهل نجات معرفی نمایند. فخر رازی بعد از ذکر روایاتی در فضایل اهل بیت (ع) و لزوم محبت به ایشان با استناد به حدیث «سفینه نوح» و حدیث «اصحابی کالنجوم» ادعا می کند که برای رهایی از امواج شبهات و شهوات علاوه بر سفینه مطمئن، محتاج به راهنمایی ستارگان درخشان نیز هستیم و اهل سنت چون بر سفینه اهل بیت (ع) قرارگرفته و چشم به ستارگان صحابه دوخته اند، اهل نجات و سعادت دنیوی و اخروی هستند. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی تحلیلی با تأکید بر آیاتی که درباره ویژگی های سفینه و ماجرای طوفان نوح صحبت می کند درصدد رد ادعای فخر رازی است و نتیجه می گیرد که با توجه به اوصافی که در قرآن کریم برای سفینه نوح ذکرشده و نیز نظر به عدم اعتبار سندی و دلالی روایت «اصحابی کالنجوم» تمسک واقعی به اهل بیت (ع)، موجب نجات و عدم آن، مساوی با هلاکت می باشد.Salvation in the Light of Clinging to Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) and Companions, Criticism of Fakhr Razi's View under the Verse of Maudt
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The verse of Maudt is among the verses that were revealed about the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt of the Prophet (PBUH) and their special status, and it mentions the need to show mercy to them. Also, some have considered this verse as one of the reasons for the Imamate and excellence of Hazrat Ali (PBUH). But some of the Sunni commentators under this honorable verse have tried to introduce the love of the Companions along with the love of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), by making claims to introduce only the Sunnis as the people of salvation. Fakhr Razi, after mentioning some narrations about the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the need to love them, citing the hadith of "Noah's Ark" and the hadith of "Companions of the Prophet" claims that in order to get rid of the waves of doubts and lusts, in addition to a safe ark, we also need the guidance of bright stars and the Sunnis, because they are on the ship of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and keep their eyes on the stars of the Companions, they are the people of salvation and happiness in this world and the hereafter. This research, with a descriptive and analytical method, with an emphasis on the verses that talk about the characteristics of Noah's ark and the story of Noah's storm, aims to refute Fakhr Razi's claim.
Literature Review
Regarding this claim of Fakhr Razi, which can be referred to as the "Theory of Salvation in the Light of Adherence to Atrat and Companions", there has not been any independent research regarding Fakhr Razi's point of view (especially the answer to him regarding the characteristics of Noah's Ark from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an); therefore, it is necessary to have a discussion about this.
Methodology
The critical analysis method is used in this research.In this article, the claim of Fakhr Razi is evaluated in two parts: 1. About the narration of "Companions of Kalanjum" and its documental and brokerage examination, and 2. About the hadith of "Noah's Ark" and the characteristics of this ship in the Holy Quran.
Results
This research with a descriptive and analytical method, emphasizing the verses that talk about the characteristics of Noah's ark and the story of Noah's storm, aims to refute Fakhrazi's claim and concludes that according to the attributes mentioned in the Holy Qur'an for Noah's ark, as well as considering the lack of documentary validity and brokering of the "Sahabi Kalanjum" narration, true clinging to the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) is the cause of salvation and its lack is equal to destruction.
Conclusion
This research with a descriptive and analytical method, emphasizing the verses that talk about the characteristics of Noah's ark and the story of Noah's storm, aims to refute Fakhrazi's claim and concludes that according to the attributes mentioned in the Holy Qur'an for Noah's ark, as well as considering the lack of documentary validity and brokering of the "Sahabi Kalanjum" narration, true clinging to the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) is the cause of salvation and its lack is equal to destruction.
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