درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Given the large population of non-Arabic speaking Muslims in the world, the translations of the Qur’an are of crucial importance. While there has recently been a surge of interest in reader response to translations of various genres, less attention has been given to the readers' reception of the Qur’an translations. The aim of the current study was to examine whether attitudes towards the source and target languages in translation (i.e. Arabic and Farsi) constitute distinct factors in the reception of Qur’an translations by readers in a multilingual setting. To achieve this aim the first step was to construct a questionnaire to measure the three key constructs of the study, namely, attitudes towards Arabic, attitudes toward Farsi, and translation reception. To collect the required data, in-depth interviews were first conducted, which led to the generation of an item pool for the noted questionnaire. The questionnaire was then administered to 96 native speakers of Arabic and Farsi for a detailed statistical analysis. Data analysis was conducted using FACTOR software and Smart PLS3. Specifically, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results attested that translation reception, and attitudes towardsource and target languages constitute three distinctive factors. In addition, findings pointed to the moderating role of language attitudes in the reception of the Qur’an translations, with favourable attitudes towards Farsi being associated with more favourable reception of the translations.

The Holy Qur'an, in verses 28 and 36 of Surah Al-Hajj, commands the eating and feeding of the meat of the Sacrifice of Hajj and determines its consumers as "self", "miserable poor", "Qane’" and "Mu'tar". Through a descriptive method, this research intends to examine the translation and clarification of these concepts by three contemporary jurists and also determine and explain the jurisprudential narrations in deciding the share of Sacrifice of Hajj in the interpretations of the Holy Qur’an and examine and evaluate the appropriateness of lexical and jurisprudential concepts, dictionaries and traditions based on the meaning of the presented words by each of the respected translators<br /><br />Also, this study, using valid narrative sources, interpretations and lexical dictionaries, has tried to explain the characteristics of the three groups of consumers of the sacrifice and the way the three shares of sacrificial meat are distributed among them. Finally, the topic has been summarized and its interpretation in the exigencies based on the Qur’anic verses has been demonstrated.

This comparative study sought to explore the translation of requests between God and Prophet in Holy Quran with focus on pragmatic approach. More specifically, the study highlighted the applied techniques in the translations of Quranic verses based on Bach and Harnish's (1979) model. It further analyzed the differences between the translations and examined the translations accuracy in rendering imperatives’ pragmatics. In doing so, some Surah with the most imperative examples were selected as source text, and two English translations of Holy Quran by Ali (1989) and Arberry (1955) were selected as target text. Based on the data, three types of the techniques as "requestives", "questions", and " requirements" were employed in the most of verses with 9 cases, and "prohibition" found in 6 cases. The identified differences between two translations listed as finding the right equivalents, choosing the correct verb, finding meaning faithfully, preserving the imperative function, selecting the common words in TL, etc. The results also indicated some inaccuracies as lexical and pragmatics, finding right pronoun, transferring the illocutionary force of the source words into the TT, and emphasizing on the same theme with different syntactic form. However, most verses provided the accurate factors as word order, transferring the imperative function based on the first interpretation, adding some words to clarify the context, conveying the intended function through applying the exclamation mark, and keeping culture-specific notion. It is worth mentioning that in most cases, the translators could successfully convey the meaning of Arabic words in to the English ones.

Cognitive linguistics is an approach in the study of language that examines the relationship between his language and mind and his social and physical experiences. Cognitive Linguistics is one of the interdisciplinary sciences whose purpose is reflection and precision in the mechanism of the relationship between the structure and the constituent elements of a text in order to better understand the process of completing the meaning and the concept hidden in it. Herbert Paul Grice is one of the linguistic analytical philosophers that according to this point of view, has conducted detailed and extensive studies on conversations and linguistic actions and their indirect and implicit meaning in everyday language, which has become known as Grice's cooperative principle. Conversation is one of the constructive elements of every narrative text that plays a central role in transferring the meaning. Grice sees conversation as a purposeful and rational behavior and it is a type of cooperation-based interaction that has its own logic. According to his theory, every successful dialogue is based on observing the 4 principles of cooperation (quantity, quality, communication and method) and if any deviation from one or more of the four principles is based on a certain relationship and purpose, it leads to the necessity of communication and if this goal is not provided departing from these principles will lead to the failure of dialogue. Therefore, in this research, some of the conversations between Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an have been analyzed, based on the theory of Grice's rules in a descriptive and analytical method in order to answer the question of how the cooperative principle is used and violated and what effect these violations have on the meaning and purpose of speaker. The results show that the dialogues of Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an violate the 4th principle of cooperation. The 3rd principle is most evident that the words of Jesus and the apostles have the quantity of 3 times in the Holy Qur'an and 2 other principles namely the principle of communication and the principle of method have a harmonious participation in the dialogue of the apostles and Jesus.

In the Anti-Narcotics Law approved in 2016, the legislator has made punishment as the governing criminal policy for drug crimes by determining heavy punishments such as death. The text of the anti-narcotics law has considered "corruption in the world" and "quantitativeness" as criteria for criminalization. In this regard, the question that is raised is: On what basis are the rules of "corruption in the land" and "quantitativeness" established in the anti-narcotics law? By considering the verses and traditions, it can be understood that even if drug crimes are considered as an example of corruption in the world, in order to establish the crime of corruption, qualitative criteria such as the extent of the committed act, major damage to individuals and society, and the continuation of it, are The basic elements are introduced. While the legislator is trying to interpret and clear the ambiguity of the mentioned qualitative criteria by placing the quantity of discovered drugs as the basis. In this writing, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on reliable Islamic sources, the conclusion has been reached that in order to determine the crime of corruption, qualitative criteria and the extent of the impact that corruption has on individuals and society are considered. Quantitative approach has no Sharia and Quranic basis and contradicts the philosophy of independent criminalization of corruption on earth, which is to eliminate the root of corruption and corruption in society and maintain social order.

The application of the gender approach to the holy books has expanded with the rise of feminism in the modern era. The study and extraction of the gender discourses that dominate these books can help in the reconstruction and understanding of relevant historical features. Comparing the gender approach of these books can also introduce us to paradigm shifts in different historical periods. For this purpose, firstly, we have shown in this study that the Qurʾan employs a moderate, complex and hybrid form of all three feminine, masculine and egalitarian discourses.<br />Secondly, the linguistic/narrative approach to the pre-Qurʾanic scriptures and its comparison with the Qurʾanic approach shows the extent of the masculine and sometimes misogynistic approach of these books. A review of some post-Qurʾanic exegesis and hadith books also shows that their gender discourse is more compatible with the masculine approach of pre-Qurʾanic books than the moderate Qurʾanic approach. Due to the large number of sources required for this research, only the gender discourse in the creation story was chosen as a case study.