درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The supply chain of perishable products has high complexity due to the short lifespan of the products. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate various issues in the supply chain such as location, inventory and logistics in an integrated manner by using flexible tools. The purpose of this research is to present an optimization approach based on event-factor-based discrete hybrid simulation for the integrated optimization of facility location, inventory control, fleet composition and routing in the supply chain of perishable products.The optimization process is performed using meta-heuristic algorithms. In order to conduct a case study, the supply chain of one of the largest producers of dairy products in the country has been considered, and due to the high demand and production of ice cream, this product has been considered as a perishable product of the supply chain. The results show that the integrated optimization of the research topic leads to a significant improvement in product waste, reducing the time of processing and delivering orders, and reducing the number of fleets.

Introduction: Within marketing literature, a widely accepted notion indicates that strategies in marketing significantly differ between business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) models. This study thoroughly investigates brand loyalty, examining the nuanced differences in methodologies for building brand loyalty specifically within B2B frameworks, aiming to develop a model tailored for B2B enterprises. Methodology: The research utilizes a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. The initial qualitative phase involves systematic reviews and meta-synthesis to identify factors influencing brand loyalty. The subsequent quantitative phase employs techniques such as structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the impact of various factors on brand loyalty across different business models. Finally, interviews are conducted to gain insights into tailored strategies that enhance loyalty in B2B contexts. Data for the literature review will come from reputable domestic channels, including academic portals, alongside foreign databases like Scopus and Web of Science. The second phase will gather information from diverse companies in the insurance industry, utilizing convenience sampling for analysis. The third phase targets business experts in B2B settings, selected through purposive judgment sampling to ensure relevant insights are gained. Findings: The initial phase reveals ten critical factors that contribute to brand loyalty in B2B markets. These factors encompass customer satisfaction, perceived value, switching costs, trust, perceived quality, personalized interactions, perceived support, brand image, and commitment. Analysis indicates significant differences in factors influencing brand loyalty between B2B and B2C models. The study concludes with a collection of tailored strategies essential for fostering customer loyalty in B2B operations, including developing strategic frameworks and adopting stringent quality standards. Conclusion: This research expands the understanding of loyalty-building strategies across diverse business models, offering insights that enhance the existing body of knowledge. By proposing a specialized loyalty model for the insurance industry, the study equips practitioners with practical tools to improve operational efficiency and competitive advantage.

With the advancement of communication technology, e-hailing services are becoming more widespread in Malaysia. Even though e-hailing services offer relative advantages compared to other types of public transport, research on the service quality aspects and customer satisfaction is essential to ensure customers receive worthwhile service with the money they spend on the services. Therefore, the growth of the e-hailing sector in Malaysia has drawn attention from the government, service providers, passengers, and even academics to the issues of service quality and customer satisfaction. Much research on service quality has been conducted in Malaysia; however, limited research has yet to be done on e-hailing services specifically for the state of Sarawak (East Malaysia) compared to peninsular areas. Thus, this research aims to measure the service quality performance of e-hailing in Sarawak and investigate the factors influencing passenger satisfaction. Three hundred ninety-two e-hailing users voluntarily participated in the survey, which was conducted in 2023. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed to assess the measurement and structural model. The analysis revealed that vehicle condition, customer service, and reliability have a significant one-percent relationship with passenger satisfaction. To ensure e-hailing vehicles are always in good condition, e-hailing companies and government agencies must make it mandatory for e-hailing cars to be maintained periodically. Next, the driver should improve communication skills and show a good attitude to provide excellent customer service. Besides, prompt response to customer orders is a must to ensure e-hailing services are reliable public transportation.

Tourism is regarded as a complementary activity that contributes to the sustainability of nomads' livelihoods and raises welfare and living standards, as well as the economic growth of nomadic areas, through the capabilities and attractions of the Shahsavan nomads. The present study tries to identify the scenarios of nomadic tourism in Shahsavan, Ardabil province. The research strategy is a case study through a qualitative study using a multi-faceted method and a cross-sectional time horizon. In data collection, in the first step, key experts were used to collect data to extract the factors affecting nomadic tourism development (NTD) and to examine the impact of these variables on each other. The influential factors were divided into 12, seven promoting and five inhibiting factors. The mutual influence matrix was used to determine the effect of variables on one another, and scenarios were created using propulsions extracted from the influencing factors. After collecting the questionnaires, the scenario was conducted using Scenario Wizard software. The scenarios in the current research were divided into three groups: favourable, intermediate, and unfavourable. According to experts, access to favourable scenarios is accompanied by many limitations and obstacles. Its occurrence requires coherent planning, commitment, and participation from all stakeholders, and the occurrence of unfavourable and catastrophic scenarios also looks pretty pessimistic. According to current trends, the vast majority of experts believe that a slight improvement in the current situation is possible in the future of this type of tourism.

this study seeks to propose a cultural marketing model based on the cultural characteristics of the tourism destination of Shiraz. The research was conducted using a qualitative research method as well as semi-structured interviews with tourism and marketing specialists. Based on the rational approach of theoretical and judgmental sampling, 16 participants were sampled until theoretical saturation was reached. Based on the findings, the cultural marketing model was divided into 20 sub-themes, such as; valuing the cultural experience, engaging the local community with conservation, the government's role, friendly communication between host and guest, transforming the tourism approach, revitalizing culture, national pitifulness, media, technology, supplying infrastructure and cultural background, destination features, residents and destination management, the destination community's awareness and education, cultural identity, the tourist's influence on the host, the tourist's behavior in the destination, the foreign tourist's influence, the human role, friendly interactions between guests and hosts, cultural products of tourism, the production and representation of cultural products and 4 primary classifications such as; product, destination, communication, along with procedures. There are many effects and consequences associated with tourism development. Tourism development and the management of its diverse cultural impacts and consequences can be enhanced with the use of cultural marketing, taking into consideration the destinations' cultural capacities. The pursuit of cultural marketing with the aim of creating jobs and income for the residents of the destination can contribute to the re-establishment of national and cultural identity, the conservation of cultural heritage, and the protection of its authenticity