درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Proving helpful in an efficient management of cash in order to reach optimal cash and clearly explain relevant optimization policies, this study examined the adjustment speed of cash holding using asymmetric models. The sample consisted of 117 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and their financial details over the 2009-2018 period. Once the optimal level for cash holding was identified, asymmetric models such as the dummy variable approach, the quadratic model, and the threshold regression model were employed to test the adjustment speed of cash holding. The results revealed that cash-rich firms are moving toward optimal cash at a greater speed than cash-poor firms. In addition, the results from the quadratic model showed a non-linear, skewing effect of the cash holding adjustment speed in terms of the different cash levels. Therefore, there is an optimal level of cash holding that enables firms to deviate from the cash target. Should firms fall outside the optimal cash range, cash adjustment will occur at a greater speed, and it will be both partial and asymmetric.

Due to overlap between stock markets and financial markets, this study was an attempt to examine the herding behavior in the Iranian stock market and the crude oil, foreign exchange and gold markets. For this purpose, in this research, monthly data between 2011 and 2020 for Tehran Stock Foreign exchange were used. The results of the study based on two criteria explaining herding behavior indicate the existence of herding behavior of the stock market and crude oil, gold and foreign exchange markets. The results also show that it has had different ef-fects on herding behavior in different periods. This issue has also been different in increasing and decreasing market periods. Therefore, gold is introduced as an important asset that influences herding behavior. Also, during the decreasing period of the stock market, herding behavior is not affected by the exchange and crude oil market, and in this period, the behavior of investors and investment risks in the stock market can be predicted without considering the exchange and crude oil market.

Auditors' personality traits have a significant effect on the motivation of their financial behavior. In fact, the personal and personality traits of auditors that can be influenced by the environment play an important role in motivating individuals to engage in financially professional behaviors. Audit team norms are one of the factors in the audit firm environment that affect the auditor's behavior. In this study, the effect of auditing team norms and auditors' personality types on auditor objectivity was investigated. The Entropy technique is used to examine the importance of the norms of the audit team and the personality components of the peers, and based on the results and using the TOPSIS method, these factors affecting the objectivity of financial auditors are ranked. The statistical population of this study includes all professional auditors working in the auditing organization and private auditing institutions, members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants in 2020, including 242 members. The results showed that extroverted and responsible personality types have a positive and significant effect on auditors' objectivity. The results also showed that the norms of the audit team have a positive and significant effect on the objectivity of auditors.

مدیران همواره در تلاشند که در راستای اهداف خاصی که دنبال می کنند، مبلغ سود گزارش شده را دستکاری نمایند. مسئله اصلی در رابطه با این مطلب، این است که چرا مدیران به دنبال دستکاری سود هستند، چگونه سود را مدیریت می کنند و پیامد های این گونه رفتار چیست ؟ رفتار نامتقارن هزینه ها باعث می شود که مدیران شرکت ها در مواقع لزوم برای کاهش ضرر و زیان هایشان دست به مدیریت سود بزنند که با این کار از رفتار نامتقارن هزینه جلوگیری می شود . مدیران یک شرکت اغلب مسائلی نظیر برنامه ریزی و کنترل در شرکت های تجاری روبرو هستند. در مرحله برنامه ریزی مدیران به اطلاعات مربوط به گرایش هزینه ها جهت پیش بینی هزینه های آتی نیاز دارند. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر توانایی مدیران بر رابطه بین مدیریت سود و چسبندگی هزینه می باشد. بدین منظور اطلاعات مربوط به 137 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس تهران در بازه زمانی 1396-1400 جمع آوری گردید. پس از انجام آزمون های آماری و انتخاب روش اثرات ثابت مدل به علت وجود مشکل ناهمسانی واریانس با روش GLS برآورد گردید. نتایج نشان می دهند که مدیریت سود رابطه مثبت و معناداری با چسبندگی هزینه داشته و توانایی مدیریت این ارتباط را تضعیف می کند.

The accounting and auditing profession must acquire the necessary skills in ethical judgment, so that it can consider the well-being of all those affected by its performance. Without strong and moral behaviour, the position of this old art and profession is shaken. This issue should be considered more by people who want to enter this field and technology than by companies. The main purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting accounting and auditing ethics among accountants and auditors. In order to identify the effective factors, while reviewing the studies, a semi-structured interview was conducted using a qualitative method of theme analysis. The experts interviewed were sixteen university professors and activists in the accounting and auditing profession. A review of the literature, research, and interview results reveals nine key themes that categorize the factors influencing corporate accounting and auditing ethics. In this research, key factors have been identified and then the fuzzy Delphi technique has been used to rank and find the importance of the factors. The results showed that government and legal, economic, individual, social, cultural, corporate governance, organizational and intelligence factors are involved in accounting and auditing ethics, respectively.

The purpose of this study was designing a model of financial flexibility functions for industrial infrastructure development of َAbadan oil refining com In this study,12 financial management specialists at the university level and the company participated as panel members in the quality department. In fact, in the qualitative part, which used Meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis, the aim was to identify the propositions of financial flexibility functions for the development of industrial infrastructure, and then in a small part with the participation of 18 managers and deputies of Abadan Oil Refining Company, Findings: Therefore, relying on meta-synthesis, first 14 studies were reviewed as a basis for evaluation to determine the themes of the statements of financial flexibility functions for the development of industrial infrastructure in the form of critical evaluation, based on which, 24 themes of selected propositions were entered into Delphi analysis in a checklist manner to determine the theoretical adequacy. In this stage, 4 propositions were removed during the two stages of Delphi analysis and a total of 20 propositions entered the quantitative analysis section, ie Total Interpretive Structural Modelling. In this section, the results show the themes of the statements of financial agility in the development of industrial infrastructure (P12); Reduction of financial constraints in providing resources for industrial infrastructure development (P17) and dynamics of evaluation of industrial infrastructure development plans (P18) were selected as the last level of the most effective reasons for financial flexibility for industrial infrastructure development in Abadan Oil Refining Company.