درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The concept of "Differentiation of self" in Bowen’s Family Systems Theory, regarded as the cornerstone of mental health, refers to individuals’ ability to separate rationality from emotion and to maintain balance between individuality and togetherness. Considering the lack of an indigenous model in family psychology, the present study aims to articulate a "Differentiated Human" model based on the teachings of the Holy Qur’an. The research method is "Thematic Analysis" with a qualitative approach. The study population consisted of all Qur’anic verses, with a focus on authoritative Shi‘i exegeses, especially al‑Mīzān . After purposeful note‑taking, the data were analyzed using three‑stage coding in MAXQDA software. The findings showed that "Piety," as a process of self‑regulation, is the overarching theme of Qur’anic differentiation, which is actualized through " Furqān " (the faculty of discernment). At the intrapersonal level, this model includes cognitive components (self‑awareness, faith‑based rationality) and behavioral components (emotion regulation, patience, and trust in God). At the interpersonal level, through an assertive communication style (based on authenticity, clarity, unconditional respect, and empathy) and boundary management (rejecting fusion and emotional cutoff), it establishes a balance between independence and intimacy. Ultimately, the results indicate that the Qur’anic model, by adding monotheistic and innate dimensions to psychological components, provides a rich framework for Islamic counseling and elevates the path of growth from mental health to spiritual perfection.

The nature of revelation and the origin of the Holy Qur’an constitute foundational questions in contemporary Qur’anic studies. The presential study investigates whether revelation should be conceptualized as a divine, trans-historical reality or as a religious experience shaped by historical circumstances. Two principal approaches are discernible: "The theological-philosophical perspective of Muslim scholars, which views revelation as the manifestation of divine knowledge within the Prophet's soul, and the historicist perspective of Western Qur’anic scholars, which interprets the Qur’an in relation to the Prophet Muhammad’s religious experience and historical context." The present study undertakes a comparative analysis of these two intellectual frameworks by examining the views of Allamah Ṭabāṭabā’ī and Theodor Nöldeke. To this aim, was used an analytical-comparative method, drawing on primary sources to examine the epistemological and ontological foundations of both perspectives. The findings demonstrated that Allamah Ṭabāṭabā’ī, drawing upon the principles of Transcendent Philosophy, conceptualizes revelation as a form of presential or present knowledge and as an existential connection between the Prophet and the Divine Source. In contrast, Nöldeke, from a historicist perspective, regards the Qur’an as a gradual phenomenon shaped by the cultural and linguistic conditions of its period of revelation. The study concludes that Ṭabāṭabā’ī’ s theological and philosophical explanation, due to its greater theoretical coherence and avoidance of historical reductionism, offers a more robust explanatory framework for understanding the nature of the Qur’an. Additionally, it provides a strong theoretical basis for critical engagement with contemporary Western approaches to revelation