درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant vulnerabilities in production and consumption systems. Its economic and social consequences have underscored the urgent need for more sustainable approaches to food production and consumption. Since young consumers are often described as innovators and environmentalists, the present research aims to identify the influence of consumption ethics, knowledge, and understanding among young people on their responsible behavior toward food waste in the environment. The statistical population consists of young people aged 18 to 35 in Tehran. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula, resulting in 400 participants, and a multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed. The results of hypothesis testing show a positive role for awareness of food waste in encouraging responsible behavior among young people, as well as in shaping their food waste ethics. Additionally, the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on food purchasing by young people has a positive influence on their responsible behavior and their understanding of the environmental impact of food waste. The findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has led more people to adopt food waste reduction behaviors, and that awareness of the ethics and environmental consequences of food waste has increased among young people.

Today, the environmental damage caused by manufacturing companies has pushed the business environment toward innovative green methods. Green technology innovation is one of the most important activities in this framework. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the drivers of green technology innovation for manufacturing companies in the sports industry in Iran. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and exploratory in nature, considering the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Two main steps were taken to conduct this research. The first step was a systematic review of the research literature to identify the drivers of green technology innovation, and the second step was screening and confirming the drivers using the Fuzzy Delphi method. The theoretical community of the research consisted of academic experts and executive managers, and 20 people were selected to participate in the expert questionnaire through judgmental sampling. Based on the research results, 21 effective drivers were identified in the first phase. Subsequently, based on the results of Phase 2, 18 drivers were confirmed. These drivers are: environmental regulations, digital finance and fintechs, digital transformation, research and development investment, consumer awareness of the environment, capital market openness, media attention, environmental information disclosure, environmental, social, and governance ratings, government subsidies, organizational leadership style, organizational culture, organizational strategy, behavioral decision-making characteristics of the senior management team, the company’s social responsibility toward the environment, green knowledge management, green intellectual capital, and green dynamic capabilities. Considering these drivers can promote green technology innovation for manufacturing companies in the sports industry, potentially improving their economic and environmental performance.

This study aims to investigate Saudi Arabia’s quest for regional hegemony, including its objectives, initiatives, and difficulties. In other words, the degree to which Saudi Arabia has been successful in establishing itself as the region’s dominant power. It is crucial to thoroughly explain Saudi Arabia’s psychological and practical justifications for pursuing regional hegemony in this context. To examine the political discourses, reality, narratives, ambitions, and perspectives of Saudi Arabia and compare these with other regional powers in this area, as well as to highlight a number of context-specific constraints on Saudi Arabia’s aspirations for regional hegemony, is the goal of the research. In addition, it intends to investigate how external powers such as the United States, China, Russia, the European Union, and Turkey influence Middle Eastern regional dynamics based on their own vested interests. This analysis demonstrates that Saudi Arabia’s drive for regional hegemony is mostly restrained by external causes. First, despite its preeminent economic power, the country lacks strong military capabilities to provide a security shield for its friends in this region. Second, the sectarian politics and undiversified economy of the region make it unlikely that secondary nations will receive full public goods. Third, low economic integration, the perception of a common regional threat, the absence of a broad free trade arrangement, the superiority of hard power over soft power, and a lack of mutual trust among regional countries are significantly diminishing the acceptance of Saudi Arabia’s hegemonic role in the region. However, Saudi Arabia is deliberately involving regional partners and coalitions in regional growth. The country takes on the main task for reshaping the Middle East’s economy and elevating this region to success. If Saudi Arabia is successful in fostering regional integration, offering a security shield, encouraging trust building, and collaborating with other states in this region to address shared regional threats, it will have a greater chance than the majority of other states in the region to become the regional hegemon.