درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The following paper was designed to focus on how learners’ process different communication inputs (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing) and secondly, how gender differences play a significant role in this process. However, materials and instruction methods must also affect individual responses to given tasks. A study on these issues will necessitate the development of gender sensitive instructional materials with a special focus on improving individual comprehension strategies. First year graduate students with English as a compulsory subject of the two selected institutions were taken for our study. In this paper we have reported the differences between the male and female attitudes of the learners and their beliefs in acquiring LSRW skills for learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Survey questionnaires (through Google forms) and interview questions were designed. One sample T-test and paired sample test were taken whereas, interview question responses were analysed to validate the data. The findings revealed that average responses regarding the difficulty of listening skills are statistically significant and correlation between male students learning listening skills are better in the collaborative learning environment whereas the female students depict a positive and moderate correlation for the same. However, it is also found that there is no significant difference between the overall performance of female and male students and the implications have been discussed in the paper.

A series of architectural spaces were discovered from the excavation of Tepe C of Bandiān Dargaz, a site revealing both the Islamic and Sasanian periods. The surface layer is related to the Ilkhanid period followed with the layer of the Sasanian period, which further consists of two phases. The architecture of the first phase is the remains of a palace, which had probably been transformed into a set of industrial-production workshops in the second phase of architecture. The remains of the palace include a pillared hall, long halls, and a part that is probably a Mithraeum and was built during the reign of Yazdgerd I.

با توجه به اهمیت متن و کشسانی آن بین مؤلف و خواننده، قصدگرایی متن به خواننده و مفسر کمک می کند تا او به فهمی بهتر از قصدگرایی متن در آرای طباطبایی و هرش و تأثیر آن بر عینیت بخشی معنا در متون بشری و متن قرآن دست یابد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تحلیل قصدی بودن معنا در بررسی تطبیقی دیدگاه علامه طباطبایی و هرش انجام شده است. در این نوشتار، از روش تحلیل محتوا با رویکرد توصیفی - تحلیلی استفاده شده است تا پس از گردآوری اطلاعات درباره قصدی بودن معنا، به این مفهوم برسیم که طباطبایی متأثر از مفسران اسلامی و اصولی، قائل به قصدگرایی متن است. در کنار ایشان، هرش برخلاف برخی از هرمنوتیست ها که خواننده را محور فهم متن و تفسیر می دانند، قصدگرایی معنا را با این پیش فرض پذیرفته است که حتی واژه ها و لغات نیز تابع قصد و نیت ماتن هستند. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که با استناد به معنای سمانتیک، می توان لغت را یکی از منابع تفسیری طباطبایی در تفسیر متن قرآن دانست؛ اما هرش، برخلاف طباطبایی، از آنجا که به معنای عرفی الفاظ در متن توجه ندارد و معنای لغات را برگرفته از نیت صِرف مؤلف می داند، از تبیین و توجیه زبان شناختی واژگان عاجز است؛ در نتیجه، بین معنای زبان شناختیِ متن و معنای مدنظر مؤلف ارتباطی تنگاتنگ وجود دارد که در یک حرکت رفت و برگشتی می تواند مفسر را به معنای اصلی و مدنظر متن قرآن راهنمایی کند و ذیل آن، جامعه تفسیری را از تشتت تفسیری به اجماع تفسیری سوق دهد.

روساخت و ژرف ساخت از مباحث علم زبان شناسی هستند. نوآم چامسکی، اولین فردی است که نظریه دستور زایشی - گشتاری را مطرح کرده است. وی از جملات عینی به روساخت و از جملات نهفته در پس آن ها به ژرف ساخت تعبیر می کند. ترجمه لایه های سطحی و توجه به رویکرد صورت مدار در ترجمه، مترجم را از تأمل در لایه های عمیق معنا باز می دارد. در جستار حاضر، نگارندگان بر آن هستند تا از رهگذر رویکرد متن مدارانه، ترجمه های فولادوند، خرمشاهی، مجتبوی و مشکینی را بررسی و هر یک را تجزیه وتحلیل کنند. هدف پژوهش آشنایی بیشتر مترجمان با موضوع ژرف ساخت معنایی به ویژه در متون دینی است تا به وسیله آن مخاطب بتواند ارتباطی بهتر با آن اثر برقرار کند. برآیندهای حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می دهند مترجمان یادشده که ترجمه هایشان ترجمه ای معنایی است، در ترجمه آیات پرکاربرد این کتاب آسمانی، فقط به لایه سطحی معنا توجه داشته باشند و این امر آن ها را از بررسی معنای نهفته عبارت ها بازداشته است.

Aurhor: Neil ArcherTitle: The Social Network: Youth Film 2.0Year of Published: 2023130ppIn EnglishISBN: 978-0367753115Dimensions: 13.8 x 0.76 x 21.6 cmCountry of Origin: IndiaPacker: RoutledgeCinema and Youth Cultures series

Background: Over the past few decades, the rapid expansion of cross-border e-commerce has reshaped global trade, acting as a key driver of economic transformation. As a crucial aspect of globalization, e-commerce has facilitated the integration of businesses into international markets, reducing geographical barriers and transaction costs while fostering economic development.Aims: The present study aims to examine e-commerce and its role in economic transformation from a business management perspective.Methodology: The research employs a descriptive survey method, with a statistical population comprising all students and graduates in the fields of e-commerce and business management in Bandar Abbas. Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 203 individuals were selected as the study sample. A researcher-developed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient exceeding 0.8 was distributed among the participants. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, specifically the T-test, through SPSS version 22.Findings: The findings revealed that the T-test statistic for the role of e-commerce in accelerating economic transactions was 73.7, its impact on inflation in the global economy was 54.9, and its contribution to facilitating transactions was 65.5, all statistically significant at a 95% confidence level (P<0.05).Conclusions: E-commerce plays a significant role in enhancing the speed of economic transactions, influencing inflation in the global economy, and facilitating trade from a business management perspective.

The present essay focuses on the witnessing process of the enlisting poets’ effective responsiveness to the devastations they encountered; the two poets to be studied have been directly or indirectly traumatized by wars. The analytical perspective draws on Dominick LaCapra’s theories on historical trauma. It intends to uncover the traumatic effects of circumstances in post-war poems. The methodological procedure is grounded in the qualitative appraisal of the emotive aspect of the poets’ expressionist representation through critical discourse analysis. Trauma theories influence the research approach in historical and structural science, emphasizing witnessing levels, coined by Dori Laub, as the most significant determinant of the gestalt of interpretations. The poems’ demolished vibe exploits an insight into the amalgamation of historical trauma and its steps towards salvation. The authorial intentionality in war poetry aspires to enlighten human sorrow and redemption by restoring the literary application of the historical, structural, and perpetrator trauma hypothesis. The melioristic agenda for edification via physical and critical phases, such as acting out and working through, coined by LaCapra, foci in the varied poems to be scrutinized, enables the poets’ to maintain their readers’ empathetic identification with their characters’ predicaments in a psychoanalytic context.

Enterprise risk management (ERM) represents a new paradigm that supports organizations in identifying, evaluating, and managing risks. Several factors encourage different organizations, especially banks, to design and apply ERM; among them, the possibility of financial problems and related costs, financial performance decline, growth opportunities, and independence of the board of directors can be pointed out. In addition, applying a suitable risk management strategy is a competitive advantage for supporting companies. Following the previous comprehensive studies, the present study was done by integrating a meta-composition approach and multivariate fuzzy network analysis. In this research, to identify effective factors on ERM based on empirical evidence and selection of studies, description and classification of selected articles, analysis of the content of selected research articles, and finally, the importance and refinement of the identified factors based on the Delphi expert opinion polling technique, and multivariate fuzzy network analysis was discussed. The study aimed to identify and rank the factors affecting the effectiveness of ERM of the firms accepted in selected banks in Iran. While reviewing studies, a semi-structured interview was conducted using an Exploratory-Descriptive Qualitative (EDQ) research design to determine the factors that affect ERM effectiveness. The interviewed experts were comprised of 20 university professors, CEOs, financial analysts of investment and brokerage companies, and senior auditors with accounting and management education. The literature review and the results of the interviews indicate five main themes that classify the factors affecting ERM effectiveness in firms. In this study, key factors were identified, and then the fuzzy Delphi technique was employed to rank and find the weight of the factors. The results showed that corporate governance, financial indicators, environmental indicators, company characteristics, and management indicators effectively enhance ERM's effectiveness. Accordingly, capital market analysts and investment companies should take a broader perspective and make decisions based on companies' financial risks instead of paying attention to companies' profitability and stock price changes. The results demonstrated that five factors determine ERM effectiveness: 1. corporate governance indicators (monitoring the board of directors and ownership structure), 2. Financial indicators (return on assets (ROA), earnings volatility, merger and acquisition (M&A) activities, financial deficiency, and capital opacity), 3. Environmental indicators (performance excellence, industry competition, audit firm credibility, environmental uncertainty, and industry), 4. Firm characteristics (financial leverage, firm size, and growth opportunities), and 5. Management indicators (management career and business diversity).