مطالب

The proliferation of fake news, characterized by the dissemination of inaccurate information to deceive audiences, has become a pressing concern in recent times. Traditional approaches to phony news detection, often focused on analyzing Twitter content, are susceptible to noise and variations in input sequences, leading to suboptimal performance. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel method called Multi-Head Attention-Hierarchical Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (MHA-HBiLSTM) Networks. Our approach involves two phases: training and testing, wherein we employ tweet pre-processing techniques such as stemming, punctuation removal, stop-word elimination, URL handling, and Twitter control removal. Features are represented using the Glove word embedding technique for experimental evaluation and comparison. The MHA-HBiLSTM model integrates multi-head attention and hierarchical concepts, allowing meaningful information extraction from Twitter data. Notably, our model utilizes dual-level attention mechanisms and a hierarchical structure, reflecting the inherent hierarchy in documents and prioritizing key material during document representation. The effectiveness of the proposed MHA-HBiLSTM algorithm is evaluated using the Whale & Multi-Verse (W-MVO) Optimizer approach, with tests conducted on Kaggle and FakeNewsNet datasets. Comparative analysis with traditional machine learning approaches and deep learning models demonstrates the superior performance of the MHA-HBiLSTM approach in fake news detection.

The concept of management ability is one of the most important factors in determining and determining the audit fee. Management ability is a dimension of human capital in companies that is classified as intangible assets. Financial distress is also an important factor that may affect audit fees. The findings of this study contribute to the emerging literature on management ability and audit costs by showing whether auditing services pricing is a result of higher management ability in the ongoing financial crisis. In light of the above, this study seeks to examine the impact of managerial skills and auditing fees on the condition of financial distress. This research has been reviewed during a 10-year study from 2009 to 2018. The results of this study show that there is a negative and significant relationship between managerial ability and audit fees despite financial distress. There is also a significant inverse relationship between financial distress and management ability.

Exploring the disciplinary interface between English for specific purposes (ESP) and World Englishes (WEs), regarding the potential contributions of both disciplines to research on areas of shared interest, including TEFL and ESP Teachers’ attitudes are the center of current study. This investigation examines Iranian EFL and ESP teachers’ views on integrating WEs into ESP classes and assesses the English-speaking needs of ESP students. The study comprised 32 TEFL, 17 EFL, and 15 ESP teachers (16 male and 16 female, aged 30–67), using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach with quantitative questionnaires. Analysis of the data showed that subjects in both groups largely held remarkably positive views on WEs and felt ESP teaching should align with student objectives. More than two-thirds of participants disliked the current ESP syllabuses; however, only ESP teachers were unhappy with the teaching methods, cultural content, and textbook. The participants also showed complete dissatisfaction with their ESP students’ speaking abilities. It can be inferred that ESP course does not fully prepare the students to embark on their studies because it does not sufficiently consider learners’ speaking needs

This paper investigates the role of Zen philosophy, as derived from haiku poetry, in the architectural design process. It explores the nature of Zen, its unique perspective on art and literature, and how this perspective is reflected in architectural design processes. The paper also examines how the creation of architectural spaces can be integrated with the poetry and (haiku) influenced by this philosophy. This research seeks to answer the question of how Zen thought can be applied in architectural design through the utilization of haiku poetry. A descriptive-analytical approach, combining inductive and deductive reasoning, is employed. Initially, Zen theories based on haiku are deductively applied to case studies. Subsequently, Zen architectural theories based on haiku are extracted from these case studies. Finally, the results are obtained by combining inductive and deductive methods. This paper aims to introduce haiku, elucidate the role of Zen philosophy in haiku poetry, and explore the influence of Japanese Buddhism on the architectural design process. The result of this research reveal that haiku is the product of immediate, intuitive experience and cannot be evaluated based on conventional poetic criteria. Haiku is a form of enlightenment or illumination, in which the poet perceives the vitality of objects and grasps the meaning of the ordinary and commonplace. Haiku poetry presents viewers with perspectives on nature, humanity, and life. By integrating literary concepts into the architectural design process, haiku can serve as a powerful cultural and artistic medium, fostering audience engagement with literature and cultivating a unique, philosophical understanding of phenomena.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of resilience training and acceptance and commitment group training on improving quality of life in male students from divorced families, while controlling for age at the time of parental divorce and the duration since the divorce. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 male students in grades 5 to 9 from Kouhchenar County, whose parents were divorced. Participants were selected using convenience sampling from six schools with the highest prevalence of students from divorced families and were randomly assigned to three groups: resilience training (n = 30), acceptance and commitment training (n = 30), and control (n = 30). The interventions included ten 50-minute weekly sessions based on Kruger’s (2006) resilience protocol and eight weekly sessions based on Hayes and Rose’s (2008) ACT protocol. All participants completed the WHOQOL-BREF before the intervention, immediately after, and at a one-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and MANCOVA while adjusting for confounding variables. Findings: Significant improvements were observed in all four domains of quality of life—physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health—in both intervention groups across time (p < 0.001). The time × group interaction effect was also significant for all components (p < 0.001). Between-subjects analysis showed significant differences in posttest mean scores among the three groups (p < 0.001), and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons confirmed that both experimental groups outperformed the control group (p < 0.001), with the ACT group showing significantly greater improvements than the resilience group in all domains (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both resilience training and ACT-based group training effectively enhanced the quality of life of students from divorced families; however, ACT demonstrated superior and more sustained improvements. These findings highlight the potential of ACT as a preferred school-based intervention for adolescents coping with familial disruption.

Objective: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship-based play therapy on internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders in children with learning disabilities. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. A total of 45 children with learning disabilities were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: attachment-based play therapy, parent-child relationship-based play therapy, and a control group. The study used the Achenbach and Rescorla (2001) Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire to measure internalizing and externalizing behaviors at each stage. Both experimental groups received nine 60-minute therapy sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA to compare the effectiveness of the interventions. Findings: The findings indicated that both attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship-based play therapy significantly reduced internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders in children with learning disabilities, with large effect sizes (η² = 0.864 and η² = 0.773, respectively). Repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA confirmed the interventions' effectiveness (p < 0.001), and Bonferroni post-hoc tests revealed significant differences between the experimental groups and the control group, but no significant differences between the two experimental groups. The positive effects were sustained over time, demonstrating the long-term efficacy of both therapeutic approaches. Conclusion: Both attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship-based play therapy effectively reduce internalizing and externalizing disorders in children with learning disabilities, with lasting effects over time.

Mourning of Seyyed al-Shohda (AS) is one of the ritual-religious ceremonies of Shiites that were held in various historical periods. With the coming of the Pahlavi government, the restriction of Seyyed al-Shahada's mourning was part of a wider effort to secularize and modernize Iranian society, which led to conflict and challenges with the clergy and the people. Isfahan is the main area of ​​research due to the concentration of great Shia scholars and the formation of the seminary there. Descriptive-analytical research method based on documentary-library sources has been developed with a focus on Isfahan. The main question in the research is, what policies did the Pahlavi government (1304-1357 A.H.) undertake in holding religious ceremonies in Isfahan and what was the reaction of popular groups towards it? The results of the research show that the Pahlavi government applied policies in holding the mourning ceremony of Sayyid al-Shohada as a tool for the government to establish its authority and shape social behavior according to its political program and with measures such as monitoring the execution of the mourning ceremony, the need to control and Taking care of preachers and clerics, preventing the presence of Europeans in mourning ceremonies, publishing advertisements and announcements, and verifying the records of those who pray for prayer by the city police were able to implement some restrictions on the celebration of Seyyed al-Shahada, but still could not completely prevent the celebration of mourning.

National identity as a country's definition of its position in different, plural and sometimes contradictory approaches, one of the main axes of attention in this research is the answer to the question of how Iran's political development has been defined, retrieved, pursued and ultimately led to what specific results in the form of one of the cultural dimensions of Iran's national identity, namely "Iranianity". Based on the definition provided by the variables of this research - Iranian culture and identity and political development - some of the teachings of Iran's political culture have been in shaping the political developments of Iranian society in different periods in a negative and positive way, and in order to maximize the constructive capacity of Iranian identity in the path of the country's political development, there is a need to create a transformation in this area. The three axes in question were; In the first axis, we express the main concepts we are considering and review the history. In the second axis, we explain the basic characteristics of Iranian identity and political development of Iran from the perspective of experts. In the third axis, referring to national identity and the lack of participation of the people in the Pahlavi government, the obstacles and capacities available in it for creating change in line with the political development of Iran at present are explained. The conclusion is that a positive view of national identity is in line with the strengthening and transformation of political development.