Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution

Objective: Islam, with its focus on the sacred text and divine revelation of the Holy Quran, continues to expand as a leading school of thought in the world today. The source of the transformation in Quranic studies in the contemporary world was the Islamic Revolution in Iran, which was initiated by Imam Khomeini in the 1970s and drastically altered the course of Quranic studies worldwide in an unprecedented manner. The present study aims to answer the question of how the position of the Quran is analyzed within the Islamic Republic of Iran's system and what special services the Islamic Republic's institutions provide for the sanctity of the Holy Quran.Method: This was developed based on descriptive-analytical research methods and library documentation.Results: The Holy Quran serves as the foundation for the thoughts and perspectives of Imam Khomeini, and his dynamic interpretation and revolutionary view of the Holy Quran are clearly manifested in numerous levels and sectors of the structures of the Islamic Revolution system of Iran.Conclusions: A comparative look at Islamic republics around the world shows that the Islamic Republic of Iran, in formulating its constitution, made the most use of the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt in various social, political, and familial aspects, establishing public, promotional, and specialized institutions at the highest levels of government to expound and implement Quranic teachings.

Objective:After nearly three decades since the formation of the Council for the Islamicization of Universities, it is necessary to examine the policy of Islamicization of universities from various angles and dimensions. In this regard, the research question is: what theoretical and practical challenges does the policy of Islamicization of universities face in Iran?Method: To answer this question, qualitative analysis and content analysis of available sources, especially the views of policymakers and experts in this field, have been used, and the necessary investigation has been conducted by analyzing the themes of these views.Results:After nearly three decades since the formation of the Council for the Islamicization of Universities, it is necessary to examine the policy of Islamicization of universities from various angles and dimensions. The research hypothesis is that "the lack of a common understanding of the necessity and possibility of religious science and the Islamic university and its negative policy consequences, the accumulation of policies and the multiplicity and overlap of the duties of decision-making institutions in the matter of Islamicization of universities, the abstract nature of executive assignments, the weak communication between policymakers and stakeholders and actors at the operational level, and the lack of an efficient mechanism for monitoring and evaluating the policy of Islamicization" are among the most important theoretical and practical challenges of the policy of Islamicization of universities.Conclusion: The results indicate that stakeholders do not have adequate participation in decision-making related to this policy. Furthermore, five different institutions are responsible for guiding and overseeing the implementation of the policies, which this institutional multiplicity and policy density creates problems. It is also unclear exactly what guidance and oversight each of these institutions should provide. In reality, there is no clear distinction between the different natures of oversight, for example, macro oversight, executive oversight, etc. At the level of monitoring and evaluation, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, the Council for the Islamization of Universities, and the Steering Committee for the Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country have not yet published any monitoring reports or evaluations of the policies for the Islamization of universities. This approach prevents the strengths and weaknesses from being revealed and hinders the possibility of benefiting from the corrective suggestions of researchers and scholars.

National identity as a country's definition of its position in different, plural and sometimes contradictory approaches, one of the main axes of attention in this research is the answer to the question of how Iran's political development has been defined, retrieved, pursued and ultimately led to what specific results in the form of one of the cultural dimensions of Iran's national identity, namely "Iranianity". Based on the definition provided by the variables of this research - Iranian culture and identity and political development - some of the teachings of Iran's political culture have been in shaping the political developments of Iranian society in different periods in a negative and positive way, and in order to maximize the constructive capacity of Iranian identity in the path of the country's political development, there is a need to create a transformation in this area. The three axes in question were; In the first axis, we express the main concepts we are considering and review the history. In the second axis, we explain the basic characteristics of Iranian identity and political development of Iran from the perspective of experts. In the third axis, referring to national identity and the lack of participation of the people in the Pahlavi government, the obstacles and capacities available in it for creating change in line with the political development of Iran at present are explained. The conclusion is that a positive view of national identity is in line with the strengthening and transformation of political development.

Research Objective: The present study aims to examine how Reza Shah's despotism influenced the Iranian legislative system in the contemporary era. This is primarily done through an analysis of the National Assembly's performance during its sixth to twelfth sessions. The study also aims to explain the mechanisms used to strengthen authoritarianism by intervening in the legislative process. Research Methodology: This paper utilizes the theoretical framework of patrimonialism and employs a documentary method with descriptive analysis. Historical sources, official documents, and legislative texts form the basis for data collection and analysis.Findings: The research findings indicate that Reza Shah successfully manipulated the legislative environment to consolidate his personal power. He achieved this by undermining the Assembly's independence, interfering in the composition of its representatives, eliminating political opponents, and leveraging authoritarian legitimacy. These interventions not only impacted the selection process of representatives but also significantly influenced the content of the laws passed. Conclusion: The study concludes that Reza Shah's despotism, by dominating the legislative body, played a crucial role in weakening political institutions and reducing the transparency of the legislative process in Iran. By offering a clear depiction of the interplay between authoritarianism and legislation, this study contributes to a more profound understanding of institution- building in contemporary Iranian history

Objective: The absence or weakness of political structures and institutions in the new Iraqi political and social sphere has led to a political leader, whether in power or in opposition, playing the most significant role in political actions. Therefore, an analysis of political and social trends in Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003 indicates that the Sadr Movement has become the undisputed actor in the Iraqi political and social arena. This is attributed to its reliance on doctrines such as Arab nationalism, adopting an independent approach from other regional actors, fighting corruption, advocating for justice, equality, and eliminating political and social discrimination, and solving Iraq's economic problems.Methodology: The present study aims to systematically examine the evolution and development of the Sadr Movement in Iraq, stemming from the reflections of the Islamic Revolution. It will achieve its objectives and findings through a scientific, integrated approach combining historical, documentary, and in-depth, purposeful interview methods.Research Findings: The findings and documentation of the article indicate that the Sadr Movement, throughout its formation and evolution, which originated from the anti-American and anti-authoritarian discourse of Iran's Islamic Revolution, has gradually, under the leadership of Muqtada Sadr and according to the exigencies of the Iraqi political and social arena, reproduced itself from an anti-authoritarian and anti-occupation movement into a new political and social movement opposing the status quo. It has adopted a pragmatic approach and actions that are often contradictory to other Shia parties and groups by highlighting pluralistic identities, symbols, and policies based on Arab nationalism.Conclusion: The overall process of the Sadr Movement's evolution and development shows that Muqtada Sadr's activism has been very turbulent amidst transformations, and this personality has never considered himself to have a fixed role. Furthermore, Sadr has consistently adopted contradictory and unpredictable stances in his actions and statements, which has surprised political observers. This has caused ambiguity and confusion for other domestic and foreign actors in their interactions with him.

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the conditions that led to the lack of political development in the Islamic Republic of Iran by utilizing the tenets of Incrementalism theory and its related perspective (path dependency).Research Method: Historical institutionalism and a descriptive-analytical approach.Findings: The strategy of incrementalism is considered a tool in the policymaking arena of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which leads to policy accumulation and creates an impasse in the country's political development. This is deeply conservative and serves anti-political development forces.Conclusion: The research results show that incrementalism is considered an obstacle in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which, as much as any conceptual framework related to the policymaking process, has created challenges in the field of political development in the Islamic Republic of Iran