مطالب

Objective : This study aims to design and optimize a sustainable biofuel supply chain focusing on water resource management, uncertainty reduction, and enhancing economic, environmental, and social performance. Sustainable biomass, such as Paulownia trees, and recycled water are considered key inputs, providing an integrated solution to the challenges posed by fossil fuels and the urgent need for renewable energy development. Methods : A multi-objective mathematical model is proposed to minimize costs, satisfy demand, and mitigate environmental impacts. The model incorporates uncertainties in supply and demand using the LP-metric method and applies the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to weight objectives, ensuring balance among conflicting goals. Sensitivity analysis examines variations in biomass supply, prices, and demand, while Pareto frontier analysis evaluates trade-offs across objectives.  Results : Results show that scenario-based modeling enables a comprehensive assessment of supply and demand impacts on supply chain performance. Incorporating wastewater and sewage sludge reduces pressure on natural resources and improves economic and environmental efficiency. The ε-constraint method generates Pareto-optimal solutions, offering decision-makers alternatives consistent with their priorities. Sensitivity analysis highlights that using Paulownia biomass and recycled water enhances flexibility, reduces risks, and promotes balance among economic, environmental, and social objectives, while lowering costs and unmet demand. Conclusion : This study provides a practical framework for designing and managing a sustainable biofuel supply chain by presenting a comprehensive and practical model. The findings can serve as a roadmap for developing renewable energy and resource efficiency in the energy sector. Additionally, the proposed model offers a robust decision-making tool under conditions of uncertainty and environmental and economic fluctuations. Its application can significantly support sustainable development policies and reduce dependence on fossil fuel resources.

Objective: This research was conducted to investigate the role of neuroticism, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness in predicting marital satisfaction in married women. Methods: The research method utilized in the present study was the correlation-regression method. The research population comprised married women residing in the geographical area of Lorestan province. The research sample was selected using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, with a total of 840 participants. The instruments of the present study comprised standard questionnaires, including the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, the NEO-FFI Questionnaire, the Marital Empathy Scale, and the Marital Forgiveness Scale. Employing SPSS software, the acquired data underwent comprehensive analysis. Results: Through multiple linear regression, the model explains 46% of marital satisfaction variance. Standardized coefficients highlight neuroticism's adverse impact, while empathy and forgiveness positively influence satisfaction. A unit increase in forgiveness and empathy corresponds to 0.349 and 0.285 satisfaction units, respectively, whereas neuroticism predicts a 0.324 unit decrease. Hierarchically, forgiveness exerts the greatest influence, followed by neuroticism and empathy. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the need to address neuroticism, encourage marital empathy, and promote forgiveness as essential factors enhancing marital satisfaction, offering valuable insights for individuals and professionals in family counseling, therapy, and policymaking.

Political theology in every religion encompasses a system of political imagination that must first be understood to grasp the politics within that faith. The political forces in societies are each shaped by a utopia and work toward realizing a specific future vision. Politics essentially represents a competition to establish order for what is to come. The Holy Quran also presents distinct frameworks of political imagination, the exploration of which is vital for understanding politics through the lens of the Holy Quran. Consequently, this article addresses how politics in the Holy Quran is formulated based on the utopias articulated within it. The data analysis method in the article is thematic interpretation, and the data collection method is based on documentary studies. The article does not test a hypothesis or use a theoretical framework but ultimately presents a Quranic theoretical framework for analyzing politics. The article's findings can also be expressed as follows: by drawing two different utopias, the Holy Quran has expressed the formation of politics as a confrontation between two distinct logic governing societies. Accordingly, the communities of the righteous move within the framework of the "logic of blessings" and have utopias such as King David and Solomon, while the people of the world move within the framework of the worldly "logic of boon" and have utopias such as the Garden of Shaddad. The competition between the two utopias, achieved with different logics of life, forms the fundamental conflict of politics from the perspective of the Holy Quran.