درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

During the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, the villa business in Bali was significantly affected by a decrease in tourist arrivals. Despite the post-pandemic recovery in 2022, the industry had not yet fully regained its momentum. In this challenging situation, this business encountered new challenges, including the implementation of health protocols and the incorporation of information technology. These challenges led to additional costs, further straining the already diminished income due to the decrease in inbound tourism. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the adaptation of villa business to retreat centres during the post-pandemic era and its contributions. Data were collected using literature study, observations, and interviews, then analysed descriptive and interpretative qualitatively. The results showed that villa businesses adapted to the post-pandemic challenges by transforming into retreat destinations. This adaptation was rooted in a product-orientated strategy based on market demand, income optimization, and health needs. Furthermore, the approach used necessitated collaboration with local communities and a commitment to environmental preservation, as these destinations majorly depended on local community assets and a healthy setting. Based on these findings, this adaptive approach had several contributions for sustainable tourism development in terms of empowerment local community, supporting the economy, and ensuring environmental conservation.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cultural advertisements on tourist attraction, focusing on their effectiveness in conveying the unique cultural aspects of a destination. A descriptive study using a structured questionnaire was conducted with a sample of tourists who have been exposed to visual media advertising of tourist destinations. Orams and Page’s (2000) Tourists Questionnaire, included questions related to the awareness, appeal, and influence of visual media advertisements on their travel decisions. The results of the study indicated that modern visual media advertising plays a significant role in attracting tourists to destinations. The majority of respondents was aware of visual media advertisements and found them appealing. Furthermore, a significant number of respondents reported that visual media advertisements influenced their travel decisions.The results showed that the advertising media with the greatest impact in terms of attracting the audience and tourists included the website, television, Instagram, location symbols, environmental graphics, Telegram, cameras, YouTube, special tourism channels and Facebook. The study revealed that the modern visual media advertising is effective tool for attracting tourists to destinations. From a sociological point of view, these media play an important role in promoting cultural development and growth. It is important for destination marketers to utilize visual media platforms effectively to reach a wider audience and promote their destinations.

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to understand the cross media electronic marketing process. In fact, with the emergence of virtual organizations, social network media marketing has become a basic need for the possibility of movement and continued developmentMethod: this research conducted using Grounded theory analysis. Snowball or targeted sampling is utilized to gather the required data. The qualitative part of this study was conducted based on the viewpoints of 24 university professors, marketing activists, experts, elites, managers, and employees of insurance companies. Collected interviews were analyzed in MAXQDA software. To achieve this goal, the collected interviews are evaluated using different coding methods as the main process. The interviews were entered into the MAXQDA software. Coding in data theory methodology is a process of conceptual abstraction by assigning general concepts (codes) to individual occurrences in the data.Findings: Based on the analysis, 104 primary codes, 18 core categories have been identified in 6 categories of the foundation's data. With the emergence of electronic commerce, organizations are changing their business. The proposed model shows that the digital era has changed the expectations of customers from communication with brands. Before social networks, mass media communication channels such as television and radio to brand managers. It allowed them to communicate with consumersConclusion: In the present research, based on the participants' viewpoints, the categories of management factors challenge, financial potential, communication potential, customer characteristics and welfare and comfort, finally, marketing techniques have been identified and it has been related to another broader category called causal conditions. Information technology and targeted marketing were identified as background conditions. Environmental factors and psychological factors of the clients were identified as intervening conditions. Research strategies include business improvement, knowledge and education, and finally innovation and creativity. Outcomes include customer loyalty, sustainability in customer relationships with the product and social media, beneficial word-of-mouth and viral advertising, customer satisfaction, and purchase intent.

Purpose: This research aimed to identify some of the existing financial frictions in the Iran's digital economy. In particular, based on cases taken from digital and knowledge-based companies, it empirically investigated the importance of the role of base volume in the liquidity of those companies' stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: To evaluate the empirical implications of applying the base volume in daily stock market practice, retrospectively a quantitative estimate of the base volume was implied by the economic model within the rules imposed by the market regulator via MATLAB software programming. Then, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of the estimated base volume, percentage of free-floating share, securities turnover, and the ratio of transaction volume to base volume on Amihud index were econometrically studied for the selected companies during the period 2015-2020.Findings: The findings indicate that the applying base volume on the selected digital and knowledge-based companies has had a negative effect on the calculation of the final price and on the liquidity of studied knowledge-based companies. Also, the results of using the machine learning method (decision tree) showed a importance coefficient of 32.6% for the base volume on the Amihud index of the selected companies.Conclusion: Our results suggest that base volume as an idiosyncratic financial friction induced by Iranian stock market regulator has aggravated the illiquidity of studied digital and knowledge-based companies and thereby could have raised the financing costs for those companies. This would ultimately impede those companies’ growth prospect.