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Objective: This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between spousal support and marital satisfaction, with gratitude expression as a mediating variable. Methods and Materials: A descriptive correlational design was employed with 370 married individuals from Armenia, selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie sampling table. Data were collected using standardized instruments for marital satisfaction, spousal support, and gratitude expression. Analyses were conducted in two stages: Pearson correlation analysis in SPSS-27 to examine bivariate associations, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS-21 to test the hypothesized mediating model. Model fit was evaluated using established indices, including χ²/df, GFI, AGFI, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA. Findings: Pearson correlations revealed that spousal support was significantly associated with both marital satisfaction (r = .58, p < .001) and gratitude expression (r = .51, p < .001), while gratitude expression was also correlated with marital satisfaction (r = .46, p < .001). SEM demonstrated acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 1.93, GFI = 0.93, AGFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.049). Direct effects showed that spousal support positively predicted marital satisfaction (β = 0.37, p < .001) and gratitude expression (β = 0.44, p < .001), while gratitude expression also predicted marital satisfaction (β = 0.29, p = .001). The indirect effect of spousal support on marital satisfaction through gratitude expression was significant (β = 0.13, p = .002), confirming partial mediation. Conclusion: Findings underscore the dual importance of supportive behaviors and gratitude expression in shaping marital satisfaction. Spousal support enhances satisfaction both directly and indirectly by fostering gratitude, suggesting that couples who both provide support and express appreciation are more likely to sustain fulfilling relationships.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of happiness training based on Lyubomirsky’s model in reducing negative emotions and enhancing cognitive flexibility in this population. Methods and Materials: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group format. The statistical population included mothers of children with autism who attended the "Golhaye Beheshti" Center in Qom during spring 2024. A total of 30 participants were selected through simple random sampling and assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of happiness training. The research instruments included the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale developed by Dennis and Vander Wal (2009). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: The results indicated that Lyubomirsky’s happiness training significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress levels while significantly increasing cognitive flexibility in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Happiness-based intervention can serve as an effective strategy for promoting the mental health of mothers of children with autism by alleviating negative emotions and strengthening their cognitive capacities. Keywords: Happiness training, depression, anxiety, stress, cognitive flexibility, mothers, autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: This study aimed to explore women’s lived experiences regarding the psychosocial consequences of oocyte cryopreservation. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted. Through employing purposive sampling, 15 women with oocyte cryopreservation experience were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. The study’s population consisted of women aged 26–40 years who had undergone oocyte cryopreservation. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit participants from obstetrics and gynecology centers specializing in fertility preservation. Findings: The analysis revealed two main categories: psychological consequences and social consequences. Psychological consequences included five subcategories: anxiety, reduced fear of the future, mental order, reduced financial worries, and decreased psychological pressure. Social consequences comprised three subcategories: criticism and opposition from others, cultural pressures, and social role and identity. Conclusion: The findings indicated that women who chose oocyte cryopreservation generally made informed decisions and experienced relative internal satisfaction. However, they often faced social challenges, including cultural resistance and opposition from their social circles. It is essential to promote broader cultural awareness and acceptance to reduce social interference and support women’s autonomous reproductive choices.

Objective : The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on various aspects of life; however, understanding its specific effects on university faculty members has remained limited. The present study aims to explore the psychological, professional, and social consequences of the pandemic on the faculty of Shahrekord University. Method : A phenomenological approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with 12 purposefully selected faculty members from Shahrekord University. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Marshall and Rossman’s reductionist and interpretive methods.   Results : Data analysis revealed two main categories of challenges faced by faculty members: professional and psychological. Professionally, they experienced disruptions in their research, difficulties with online teaching, burnout, and limited opportunities for academic growth and development. Psychologically, they reported heightened anxiety, fear of illness, and feelings of isolation. To cope, participants employed various strategies, including social interaction, religious practices, diverse teaching methods, limited in-person contact, physical exercise, and cognitive techniques. Conclusions : The findings underscore the importance of providing culturally sensitive mental health support, faculty training in coping strategies, and institutional flexibility to enhance resilience and maintain educational quality during crises.