درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Loneliness is a distressing experience and has destroying psychological consequences for children. This paper explored the effectiveness of instructing philosophy for children on children’s loneliness after controlling the role of the social-emotional learning. This study adopted a quasi-experimental method. The statistical population included sixth grade primary school male students of Urmia (N=50) chosen by cluster random sampling method and then randomly assigned to the experimental (N=25) and Control (N=25) groups. The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of philosophy for children instruction while the control group did not receive any special instruction. Children loneliness questionnaire by Asher and Wheeler (1985) and the Social-Emotional Learning scale of Coryn et al. (2009) were administrated. The results of this study showed the same patterns as Westerns studies. After controlling the role of covariates variables (the pre-test and social-emotional learning) on loneliness by ANCOVA test, instructing philosophy for children has a significant effect on loneliness. Moreover, after instructing philosophy for children, the experimental group showed lower levels of loneliness than the control group (P<0.001). Although there were two covariate variables, pre-test, and social-emotional learning, instructing philosophy for children had an effect on loneliness, accordingly these findings highlight the importance of philosophy for children in mitigating children’s loneliness. This findings may be helpful for school psychologists in schools.

Aim: Man is a social being who needs to communicate with others. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the challenges of verbal skills among high school students in Yazd. Method: The research approach was "qualitative" and the method was "Grounded theory". The target group in the study included the teachers of Persian language, literature, psychology and educational sciences in Yazd who were selected by theoretical sampling. The research instrument was "semi-structured in-depth interview". Theoretical saturation was obtained and the interviews were conducted on up to 12 cases. Data were analyzed by coding and categorization in three levels of open, axial and selective coding. Results: The results showed that "Core Category" included verbal skills. "Causal conditions" included practice and activity, enrichment of the environment and psychological characteristics of the students. "Strategies" included effective communication and prevention of misunderstandings, social activities. "Environmental conditions" included socio-cultural, economic, planning and policy and technology environment, and "context" including facilities, incentives, dialect. Consequences included personal and academic success, social success, and student career success. Discussion: The results indicated that practice and activity, enrichment of the environment and psychological characteristics of the students causes verbal skills. In the face of these conditions students will have more effective communication and social activities and less misunderstandings. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we can expect consequences such as personal, academic, social and career success by overcoming the challenges of verbal skills.

Objective: This study aims to explore the sociological factors, contextual conditions, structural factors, and social pressures contributing to emotional divorce in Tehran. Method: The study employs a qualitative approach using a sequential exploratory design and grounded theory strategy. A purposive sample of 21 individuals, aged 25-40, with at least a bachelor's degree in psychology, sociology, or related fields, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using open coding and axial coding processes to identify key structures and indices related to emotional divorce. The participants included university lecturers, teachers, housewives, and private sector employees, ensuring a diverse representation of educated individuals with relevant expertise. Findings: The results indicate that attitudes and values, social and cultural pressure, and social changes are significant causal factors in the occurrence of emotional divorce. Key phenomena identified include changes in emotional relationships, lack of emotional behavior towards the spouse, emotional void, and compulsory living. Contextual conditions such as changes in culture, values, economic conditions, and types of social interactions were influential. Structural factors identified include policies and laws, and social roles. Social pressures, including peer pressure, family opinions, and media influence, were crucial intervening factors. An educational approach was identified as an effective strategy for preventing and managing emotional divorce. Conclusion: Emotional divorce, while not always visible, significantly impacts individuals and society. Understanding its sociological aspects and underlying causes is essential for developing effective prevention and management strategies. Educational programs aimed at improving emotional relationships, communication skills, and stress management can mitigate the negative impacts. Policymakers can use these insights to formulate supportive policies and laws. Further research is needed to generalize findings and explore the impact of emotional divorce on children and other regions.

Financial health has a significant impact on business continuity. Factors affecting financial health are crucial for all companies. Nowadays, in addition to economic factors, social and environmental factors influence the financial health of companies. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effects of sustainability accounting components on the financial health of manufacturing companies. In terms of aim, the current research was applied. In terms of data collection, the present study was descriptive-survey. The research data was collected through a questionnaire. The population of this study included senior accountants and financial managers of Iranian manufacturing companies. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling and with the help of SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3 software. The sample size was 172 accountants. According to the research findings, four components of sustainability accounting (i.e., accounting ethics awareness, voluntary accounting proactiveness, transparency accounting mindset, and corporate social responsibility report) affected financial health significantly. On the other hand, the component of human capital disclosure had no significant impact on financial health. In today's business environment, social and environmental issues have a key role in gaining competitive advantage. Therefore, companies should disclose information about their social and environmental performance. This would able them to improve their financial health by increasing sales.