درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Personality as an individual factor is one way of describing human characteristics, usually referred to as a number of relatively stable behavioral traits or characteristics. This systematic review reviewed all related Iranian studies in international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and national databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran which was published between 2002 and 2024. The following keywords and combinations of them were used to search the databases: “personality characteristics” “life expectancy,” “quality of work life,” and “work-life balance”. Personality characteristics significantly influence various aspects of life, including life expectancy, quality of work life, and work-life balance. Research indicates that traits such as conscientiousness, neuroticism, and overall personality profiles can contribute to both individual and organizational outcomes. Personality traits, such as conscientiousness and emotional stability, significantly impact life expectancy, job satisfaction, and work-life balance by promoting healthier lifestyles and well-being. Understanding these influences can inform interventions to improve health outcomes and workplace dynamics.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a forgiveness-based intervention in enhancing marital commitment and restoring trust among married individuals experiencing relational distress. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 married participants from Indonesia, randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). The intervention group received six structured forgiveness-based therapy sessions over six weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Standardized measures of marital commitment and trust were administered at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, with SPSS version 27. Findings: Results from repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time × group interaction effects for marital commitment (F(2, 54) = 17.12, p < .001, η² = .39) and trust (F(2, 54) = 19.68, p < .001, η² = .42). Bonferroni post-hoc analyses indicated that both marital commitment and trust significantly increased from pre-test to post-test (p < .001) and were maintained at the five-month follow-up (p < .001), with no significant decline between post-test and follow-up (p > .05). Conclusion: The therapeutic gains were not only immediate but also sustained over time, supporting the use of structured forgiveness interventions in marital counseling settings. These findings highlight the potential of forgiveness as a valuable tool in relationship repair and emotional healing.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on internalized shame, marital disaffection, and inclination toward divorce in couples who had experienced infidelity. Methods: This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples who, due to experiencing infidelity by their spouses, referred to licensed counseling and psychotherapy centers of the Iranian Psychological and Counseling Organization, the State Welfare Organization, or psychiatrists licensed by the Iranian Medical Council (Anis Andisheh Clinic) in District 3 of Tehran, during the first quarter of 2024. In this study, the sample size for each of the experimental groups and the control group was 16 people (8 women and 8 men), and a total of 32 individuals were selected. According to the quasi-experimental design, they were chosen through convenience sampling from among volunteers and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups by lottery. Data collection instruments included the Internalized Shame Scale by Cook (1993), the Marital Disaffection Scale by Kaiser (1993), and the Inclination Toward Divorce Scale by Rusbult et al. (1986). In this study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy consisted of eight weeks of two-hour sessions based on the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy protocol by Crane. Findings: The results of data analysis indicated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had an effect on internalized shame, marital disaffection, and inclination toward divorce in couples who had experienced infidelity. Conclusion: Considering the results, it can be stated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy influences the research variables. It is suggested that further studies be conducted in this area to enhance external validity.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexist parenting style, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and the perpetration of domestic violence against women by married men. Methods and Materials: A correlational design was used involving 300 married men selected through convenience sampling from medical centers in Qazvin. Participants completed the Mohseni Tabrizi Domestic Violence Questionnaire and the Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and structural equation modeling using LISREL 8.80 were conducted to analyze the data. Model fit was assessed using indices including Chi-square, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI. Findings: Results indicated that sexist parenting style was positively associated with domestic violence perpetration (β = .51, p < .001). Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were also significantly associated with increased violent behavior (β = -.39, p < .001). Model fit indices demonstrated a good fit (χ²/df = 1.41, RMSEA = .037, CFI = .97, TLI = .96). Additionally, sexist parenting and emotion regulation interacted positively in predicting violence, suggesting that both factors jointly contribute to abusive behavior. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role of sexist parenting and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in perpetuating domestic violence against women. These results highlight the need for preventive interventions focusing on gender-sensitive parenting practices and training in adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies among men to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence.