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One type of literary criticism that has received attention in linguistic studies in the twentieth century is structuralist criticism. Accordingly, in structuralist criticism, we can examine the meaning of each phenomenon as a set of rules and a holistic view. One of the thinkers who developed new approaches in this field with the help of Ferdinand de Saussure's views is Roland Barthes. The result of Barthes' theorizing is the five codes model, which was published in one of his works called S/Z . Barthes’ five codes model is one of the best models that semioticians use to analyze texts and find the meaning of the text. Since the theory of codes can be used to analyze any type of narrative and story, this study attempts to provide information in a library-based manner and with a narratological approach to conduct a descriptive-analytical study of two Quranic stories. In this regard, we use two interpretive works, namely Kashf al-Asrar and Tafsir al-Tabari and several other literary commentaries, to analyze these two stories. This study shows that the general structure of Quranic narratives can be deciphered only by considering the structure of the text itself and without considering external factors, with the help of Roland Barthes' narrative codes. In addition, it was concluded that Quranic interpretation and the five codes both have a common goal. By going through the primary and superficial layers of the text, one can discover the inner meanings and reach the secondary layers of the text.

The present paper analyzes Jorie Graham’s “Sea Change”, the eponymous poem of her 2008 poetry collection, through Julia Kristeva’s theories on semiotic and the abject. By tracing the historical attitudes towards embodiment, this research attempts to examine Graham’s outlook towards the mind/body and by extension nature/culture dichotomies in her poetry. The previous studies on the Sea Change collection have mostly focused on Graham’s formal structures and ecological concerns; no other research has used Kristeva’s theories to examine the importance of one’s embodied experience of the world in her poetry to reveal how negative attitudes towards the body lead to a fractured existence for the human subject. Graham’s poetic language addresses the neglect to which the semiotic has been subjected, redefines the body in terms that are not abject and opens up a safe cultural space for it. Her poetry illuminates how mystification and degradation of the body have a positive correlation with oppression of the nature, as concepts belonging to similar dichotomous lines of thought, and highlights the call for a re-evaluation of the attitudes towards the human subject’s existence in the world.

This paper seeks to explore C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia under the light of Paul Virilio's framework of thought. Virilio's concept of dromology explains the way people see things change as they move faster, and how this affects the way they see other people and things around them. This can lead to a greater sense of control and surveillance. The study argues that the robots in Lewis's stories represent future humans brought closer through advanced technology that transcends time limits. Lewis's characters are like a reflection of the reader. They help the reader see themselves and their dreams in a new way. Lewis has addressed how these characters see the world changes them into different creatures, in that the way they see the world affects how they see themselves. Lewis's characters can be observed as the people who represent the society. This paper demonstrates that the characters in the series are cyborgs and live in a cyborg world. To support this argument, the principles of the panopticon theory are needed to indicate how the characters seem to have a purpose with reference to the pejorative aspects of human’s psyche.

One of the types of myths, alongside those of creation, resurrection, salvation, rebirth, renewal, and the savior, is the myth of memory and forgetfulness, which has also featured prominently in Iranian mystical allegorical tales. This myth has Indian and Greek foundations and has manifested in poetry that is deeply intertwined with mythology. Mircea Eliade has referred to this myth, and Ahmad Shamlu, as one of the contemporary Persian poets, repeatedly evokes it throughout his collected works. The purpose of this research is to analyze the myth of memory and forgetting in contemporary poetry. For this purpose, using a library-based and descriptive methodology, we examine instances of the emergence and manifestation of this myth in Shamlu’s poetry. The results indicate that, in Shamlu’s work, the myth of memory and forgetfulness is interwoven with the myth of the Fall. In some instances, the Anima archetype evokes this myth. In others, this myth is linked to the concept of ‘Alam al-Dharr’ (the World of Particles or the Primordial Covenant) in Islamic and mystical thought, representing the anguish and sorrow resulting from a mystical separation from the Divine Truth. In some cases, it intentionally or unintentionally recalls Indian and Gnostic narratives and shares similarities with the concept of reincarnation in Hindu thought.

La présente recherche se penche sur la traduction des éléments socio-culturels véhiculant les affinités et les décalages entre les langues-cultures source et cible, ce qui pose, certainement, des problèmes pour le traducteur. Celui-ci doit les surmonter avant de les transférer dûment vers une autre langue, mais comment et en se basant sur quelles théories de traduction? Afin de trouver des réponses appropriées à ces questions, on a opté pour la traduction du roman California Dream (2018) de Najib Redouane qui regorge d’éléments socio-culturels dont la plupart rentrent dans le domaine de nomenclature. Une fois le texte traduit, on a sélectionné quelques extraits du roman contenant ces éléments en trois catégories: anthroponyme, toponyme et pragmonyme. Une analyse détaillée de la traduction de ces passages a été effectuée pour passer au crible les modalités de leur transmission vers le persan, parcours qui fait état de la méthodologie descriptive-analytique basée sur les théories de Michel Ballard. Selon les résultats de recherche, pour les anthroponymes et les toponymes, le recours à la transcription, à la translittération et aux notes infrapaginales s’avère indispensable afin de respecter le principe d’étrangéité du texte. Quant au transfert des pragmonymes, on a fait usage de l’assimilation phonétique et graphique, de la traduction littérale, de l'incrémentalisation, de l'équivalent culturel et de la substitution.

Arash , the famous Archer and mythical-historical hero, is a significant absentee from Persian classical poetry, especially Shahnameh . However, in contemporary times, several poets and writers, including Bahram Beyzai, have adopted Arash's narrative. Beyzai creates the most distinctive version of this narrative by offering a modern approach and deconstructing the original narrative. Beyzai's Arash is not the renowned hero and archer but rather a stableman who transforms into a hero without any metaphysical support or physical strength, just by relying on the power of mind and heart. The present study examines the distinctive characteristics of the hero in Beyzai's narrative and, based on Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, analyzes the transformation of Arash from a stableman to a hero. The results show that the most critical differences between Arash in Beyzai's work and the original narrative are: the lack of support from divine forces, lack of extraordinary physical abilities, emphasis on an inner journey rather than an external one, and the focus on the power of heart and mind instead of physical strength. Studying the transformation of Arash's personality based on Lacan's theory shows two stages: the first is Arash's confrontation with the big Other, which separates him from his initial unified perception of the world and turns him into an alienated and split subject. The second and main stage is Arash's victory over the big Other during his symbolic ascent to Mount Alborz. This conquest enables Arash to break through the 'symbolic order' and attain the superior knowledge and power of a hero.