درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Sports tourism is one of the key areas of economic and social development that can contribute to cultural transformation and the improvement of international interactions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explain the model of factors influencing the demand for sports tourism in Iraq. The present research is applied in nature, employing a qualitative research method based on grounded theory with the Glaserian approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of professors and experts in sports management, tourism, and sports tourism, managers of tourism agencies, and Ph.D. researchers in sports management. The sample was selected from among the population members using purposive and snowball sampling methods. To gather the necessary information for the research, document study and interviews were employed, and the interviews for this study were conducted from September to December 2023. The research tool was semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the research was confirmed by relevant experts, and the reliability was achieved through the intra-subject agreement method, reaching 74%. The results of the study showed that economic dynamism, tourism management, sports events, social and cultural transformation, tourism challenges and opportunities, economic, managerial, political, social, and cultural functions, information technology, and environmental factors were the 11 key categories influencing the demand for sports tourism in Iraq. In this regard, attention to the factors influencing the demand for sports tourism in Iraq and effective management of these factors can help increase the number of sports tourists and contribute to the sustainable development of this industry in the country. Accordingly, the present study introduces a comprehensive model of the factors influencing the demand for sports tourism in Iraq, and the implementation of these strategies can contribute to Iraq’s economic and social growth, positioning the country as a model for sustainable sports tourism development in the region.

The aim of the present study was to identify and explain the factors influencing business intelligence in online sports enterprises. The research employed a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. The statistical population consisted of experts, specialists, university professors, and entrepreneurs active in the domain of sports business. A snowball sampling method was employed to select participants for in-depth interviews. The primary data collection instrument was semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 participants. The validity of the interview protocol was verified by both the interviewees and a panel of academic experts. To assess reliability, the intra-subject agreement method was used, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data analysis was conducted using grounded theory methodology. Findings revealed that the key factors influencing business intelligence in online sports enterprises include: innovation development, resource management, internet-based business expansion, supportive legal and policy frameworks, and cultural infrastructure. These core categories were further broken down into 11 concepts and 52 open codes. Based on these findings, it is recommended that strategic policymaking and effective interventions be implemented to support the development of online sports businesses. Such initiatives may also stimulate short-term employment growth.

The purpose of this research was to identify strategic positioning of sports diplomacy capacities for sustainable development. The research population included professional athletes and coaches; who had experience working at international sports levels. The sample was selected via availability methods (146 individuals). Data collection was conducted through a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SWOT matrix. Five professors confirmed the validity of the questionnaire, and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha value of 0.89, indicating the high reliability. The results revealed that the strategic position of sports diplomacy capacities for sustainable development is in the WT quadrant, indicating that the most appropriate strategies that can be applied are defensive ones. Accordingly, respective planners and decision-makers in sports, especially policy-makers, should consider appropriate strategies to improve Iranian sports diplomacy capacities, leading to a more sustainable development.

According to the new attitude in the management of gymnastics clubs, in the present research, an attempt has been made to design the implementation model of the blue ocean strategy in gymnastics clubs. This research was a qualitative study. The participants in the research were university experts who, according to the nature of the research, were conducted with 10 people in a snowball manner with semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was reached. In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the research, intra-subject agreement and expert opinions were used and their opinions were revised. To form the theory, Strauss and Corbin's method was used in the form of three stages of open, central and selective coding, and by using blue ocean strategy implementation tools such as the strategy canvas, the four action framework, etc., in order to present the ocean strategy implementation model. 179 The final concept was designed in the form of the foundation's data theory conceptual model consisting of the central category, causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. Also, a 5-step model for implementing the blue ocean strategy in gymnastics clubs was presented, and finally, this model was combined with the conceptual model of the foundation's data theory and the final model was obtained. In order to identify the right path to move towards the blue ocean, strategies of creation, increase, decrease and elimination were used, and finally, the implementation of the strategy resulted in the results of the research.