درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Woman-headed households experience more psychological issues and a lower level of psychological well-being compared to other women. The goal of this research is to investigate the relationship between hardiness and resilience in Woman-headed households, with hope serving as a mediator. Methodology: The present study is a part of descriptive-correlational research utilizing the cross-sectional research method and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population for the study consists of all woman-headed households assisted by the welfare organization in Tehran from July to December 2023. A total of 192 woman-headed households were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling as the statistical sample. Research instruments utilized were the Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Kobasa's Hardiness Scale (KHS). Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS version 27 software, while path coefficients between constructs were analyzed using Amos version 24 software. The CB-SEM method was employed to develop the structural equation model. A significance level of 0.05 was used in the analysis. Findings: Based on the current research findings, it was found that hardiness positively and significantly impacted the variable of Hope (β=0.801, P=0.001). Similarly, the variable of hardiness also had a positive and significant effect on Resilience (β=0.953, P=0.001). There was no notable effect of the Hope factor on Resilience (P=0.868). The study revealed that hardiness did not indirectly and significantly influence Resilience through Hope (β=0.008 and P=0.864). Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicated that hardiness leads to higher levels of hope and resilience. However, the study found that hope does not have a notable impact on resilience, and as a mediator, it did not show any effectiveness in the research.

Purpose: The present research aimed to provide content analysis of emotional intelligence dimensions in Farsi textbook stories of elementary schools using Shannon’s entropy approach. Methodology: The research method was descriptive ad had a content analysis type using "Shannon’s entropy" method. The statistical population consisted of 108 stories in Farsi textbooks of the elementary school in 2022. The statistical sample was also equal to the statistical population according to the census approach. The research tool included the emotional intelligence checklist with five components (interpersonal skills, intrapersonal skills, adaptability, general mood, and stress management) based on the Bar-On model. The reliability of the data was desirable using the paired t-test. Findings: The research findings indicated that there were significant differences in the representation of dimensions of emotional intelligence in stories of Farsi textbooks. Therefore, topics of intrapersonal and interpersonal skills were taken into consideration in a relatively favorable way, but stress management skill was neglected in the textbooks. Furthermore, a comparison of the sixth-grade elementary schools indicated that most of their stories had a general pattern of the importance of interpersonal and intrapersonal skill dimensions, and the adaptability dimension was relatively favorable only in the fifth-grade of elementary schools. Conclusion: According to the role of emotional intelligence in learners' lives, authors of Farsi textbooks need to provide a necessary revision of emotional intelligence components in the stories of the textbooks.