مطالب

In foreign policy, imperatives refer to the factors and conditions that compel a country to act in specific ways or make particular decisions in the international arena. One significant category of imperatives in foreign policy, particularly for Islamic societies, is jurisprudential imperatives—the fundamental principles, rules, and values derived from Islamic law to guide international relations.According to the Holy Quran and Islamic narrations, Islam provides the sole path for humanity to attain true happiness, both worldly and eternal, on individual and societal levels. To achieve this ideal goal within an Islamic society, the foreign policy actions of an Islamic state must align with imperatives rooted in Islamic law. These imperatives are informed by core Islamic objectives such as the pursuit of justice, peace, preservation of human dignity, and the promotion of the public interest.This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing reliable jurisprudential sources, considering the issues affecting Islamic countries , identifies and explains the most important jurisprudential imperatives of foreign policy that have a special impact on the numerous and important foreign policy choices of countries in facing contemporary challenges.Within this framework, the study identifies key jurisprudential imperatives for foreign policy, including adherence to principles such as the fulfilment of the obligation, reciprocity, peaceful coexistence, caution in dealing with adversaries, rejection of domination, invitation , and the rules of capability and expediency. The findings underscore that Islamic jurisprudence offers vital solutions to contemporary challenges in international relations, strengthening the effectiveness of Islamic systems on the global stage.

INTRODUCTION: The modular curriculum system is a powerful tool for empowerment in the labor market, due to the strengthening of certain specific skills for employed individuals or individuals who intend to work in jobs with special skills. this study was conducted to investigate the effect of single-module educational system on the knowledge and skills of first aid in the IRCS rapid response teams in northwestern provinces, Iran. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, data collection was done through pre and post-test scores as a measure of first aid knowledge in the study group. All aid workers of rapid response teams in the mentioned provinces (63 people) were examined and selected. The knowledge and skills of the participants before and after training were assessed using questions designed by expert trainers. FINDINGS: The findings showed that the total information of the selected aid workers from four northwestern provinces of the country including Ardabil (16 people), West Azerbaijan (17 people), East Azerbaijan (15 people) and Zanjan (15 people) was analyzed after the first aid modular curriculum training. The participants were all male with a mean age of 31.6±5.3 years. The mean theoretical scores of aid workers in all provinces increased significantly after the training (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results, the comparison of theoretical scores before training among the four provinces indicates a significant difference between the average knowledge of aid workers before training; so that East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan provinces have the lowest and highest average theoretical scores, respectively, which is a significant difference. The difference in the average skill scores in the four provinces after training is significant, so that Ardabil and East Azerbaijan provinces have the highest and lowest average skill scores, respectively.

This paper presents a mathematical model for cell formation, cell layout, and resources assignment problems simultaneously. This model focuses on the influence of the man-machine relationship aspect on the cellular manufacturing system (CMS) design. The main purpose of the model is to demonstrate how to design the CMS with the new aspect such that the costs associated with processing, layout, worker, and machine idle time, machine and tool are minimized. The proposed model is applied to a numerical example using Lingo software. Due to the complexity of the presented model, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to find satisfactory solutions. To verify the solutions, a harmony search (HS) algorithm is used. Additionally, the Taguchi method is utilized to adjust the parameters in two proposed algorithms. Finally, to validate the model, some numerical examples are presented. Results emanating from the research show that the proposed HS algorithm is a favorable method for the presented model.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed major shortcomings in healthcare data systems worldwide, particularly the need for accessible and transparent data sharing. In Iran, these shortcomings were particularly visible due to the lack of a structured open data network in the healthcare sector. Hence, this study addresses the barriers to open data networks in healthcare. METHODS: This study used Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) supported by MICMAC analysis to examine and prioritize barriers to the establishment and use of open data platforms in the Iranian healthcare system. Data were collected through expert consultations with eight experts in the field of health information and policy. FINDINGS: The analysis revealed significant barriers to implementation, including lack of government coordination, high startup costs, and inadequate technology infrastructure. For use, the most prominent barriers included the lack of data standards, poor data management, and uncontrolled growth of unstructured data. Many of these barriers were interrelated, and some acted as root causes that hindered systemic progress. CONCLUSION: Addressing these challenges requires coordinated strategic efforts focused on increasing ICT competencies, upgrading infrastructure, and strengthening institutional support. Establishing a functional open data network is essential to improve public health outcomes and enable faster responses to future health crises in Iran.

This study offers a full symbolic interactionist examination of Anne Tyler's novel A Slipping-Down Life, examining how identity is developed, acted out, and challenged by symbolic movements, emotional labor, and social recognition. With a focus on the protagonist Evie Decker, this study takes up seven primary questions of inquiry about the formation of identity in terms of performance, the influence of gender expectations, the utilization of music and silence as communication, and the intersections of trauma, emotion, and resistance in terms of negotiating identity. Basing itself on the classic theoretical models constructed by Mead, Blumer, Goffman, and Cooley—and recent reformulations and explications provided by Charmaz, Burke and Stets, and feminist theorists such as Butler and Gilligan—this article places Evie's transformation within generic sociological and psychological contexts. Through acts of self-scarification, deliberate silence, and remaking maternity roles, Evie operates within a condition of marginality and misrecognition. Her experience demonstrates identity as an active, networked, and emotional process, with a strong impact of gender roles and social norms. The research points out that literature, and especially texts richly textured with sociological context, such as Tyler's, offers a fertile backdrop for comprehending identity formation as an emotional, symbolic, and performative process. By drawing upon knowledge from narrative psychology, feminist theory, and cultural sociology, this study highlights the benefit of applying interdisciplinary approaches to literary analysis and the sociological imagination.