مطالب

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level - university, macro level - higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research is to provide a model for dealing with vandalism in sports environments in Iran. METHODS: In this qualitative approach, grounded theory method was used. About 15 people were selected and studied including journalists, experts, sports managers and faculty members in the field of sport and sociology by using purposeful sampling based on the theoretical saturation. The data collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding through Maxqda-2020 software. FINDINGS: According to the findings, causal conditions have 3 main categories including cultural and social contexts and psychological fields, and 8 subcategories. The background conditions have 6 main categories such as sense of anomie, improper government performance, weak management, marginalization in the media, feelings of anger and frustration in the spectators and external factors, and 15 subcategories. The intervening conditions also have 4 main categories including managerial and technical factors, political and regulatory factors, legal and team performance and teams’ behavior, and 11 subcategories. Also, the strategies include 6 main categories and 18 subcategories, and finally, the consequences include 5 main categories and 14 subcategories. CONCLUSION: The results show that sports and sports environments have not been as effective as they should be, therefore, sports planners and policy makers must take measures in an expert, codified and continuous manner to control and reduce this phenomenon.

Der große iranische Gelehrte Allameh Tabatabai (1892-1981) hat ein tief-gründiges Werk hinterlassen, dass verschiedene Bereiche der Geisteswissen-schaften tangiert. Ausgehend von seiner durch den Koran bestimmten Auf-fassung vom Menschen als einem sozialen Wesen wendet sich sein Denken in seinen Werken immer wieder sozialen Themen zu, wenn er bspw. die Ent-stehung der menschlichen Gesellschaften und deren Entwicklung zu erklä-ren sucht. Dieser Artikel hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, das soziologische Denken des großen iranischen Gelehrten Allameh Tabatabai in seinen Werken herauszu-arbeiten und damit auch im Westen vorzustellen, wo das Werk dieses Den-kers nach wie vor kaum bekannt ist. Dazu wurde neben seinen in deutscher Sprache vorliegenden Werken „ABC des Islam“ und „Die Schia im Islam“ insbesondere auch auf seinen Korankommentar Al-Mizan zurückgegriffen. Am Anfang dieser Untersuchung erscheint es – nach einer kurzen Vorstel-lung dieses Denkers für den deutschen Leser – zunächst notwendig, die anth-ropologischen Auffassungen des iranischen Gelehrten näher zu beleuchten, da sie gewissermaßen den Ausgangspunkt des Denkens von Tabatabai über soziale Themen markieren. Im Fokus dieses Artikels steht anschließend, wie der iranische Gelehrte die Entstehung der menschlichen Gesellschaft und de-ren Entwicklung erklärt.