درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The International Criminal Court (ICC, the Court) enables States to pursue the ideal of international criminal justice without imposing formal conditions. Since only States can become members of the Court, a fundamental question arises: is statehood necessary for the Court to exercise its jurisdiction according to the provisions of public international law? This paper hypothesizes that the primary criterion for the Court is its objectives and the existence of conditions for exercising territorial jurisdiction, even in the absence of clearly defined borders. Employing a descriptive-analytical research method, this study draws upon legal doctrine, international documents, and general legal principles. It examines two perspectives within public international law and international criminal law to critically analyze the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I regarding Palestine. The findings suggest that in exercising its jurisdiction, the Court operates independently of the rigid criteria traditionally associated with the concept of statehood in public international law.

Background and Theoretical Foundations: The transformation of the Iranian Navy from a purely defensive force to a strategic force has highlighted it as an influential component in Iran's future position. The presence of this force in international waters, the need for greater interaction with trans-regional countries and the impact of the new mission environment, monitoring and identifying the various trends governing the emerging global patterns, to understand the possible futures ahead and more importantly, build It makes a desirable future necessary. Research method: The current research aims to explain the strategic model and the consequences of the presence of the strategic navy of the army in international waters and Makran coasts. The qualitative research approach was implemented with the grounded theory strategy. For this purpose, after reviewing the specialized texts related to the research subject, semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in the sea domain until data saturation were conducted using targeted sampling. Findings and Results: The findings of the research, which was conducted through international and axial coding, show that the data consists of 65 open codes, 59 axial codes, 10 categories, and finally, by using them, 11 contextual factors (training of expert staff, development Commercial, fishing and military fleets, succession of commanders, port services and wharf construction, equipped with modern equipment - smart, radio and satellite facilities (and 4 intervening factors) comprehensive support of sovereignty, convergence with countries, educational and sanitary environment suitable, supply of parts and special equipment, rights and benefits and welfare affairs), as well as 15 strategic factors (observance of international policies, diplomatic influence, international credibility, formulation of force missions, knowledge of international law, increasing geopolitical and strategic depth, knowledge of the environment and space, increasing the weight of geopolitics and... (9 causal factors) professional development of employees, use of elite talent, holding short-term and future research courses, paying attention to the health of employees and... (and 20 consequences) establishing security, deterrence, Sea-based economy and...)was developed.