درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Today, sports diplomacy with different countries is one way to develop the sport at an international level. The current paper was conducted with the approach of improving the diplomacy of sports federations of Iran and Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The paper is qualitative, applied, and was carried out using Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology in 2022. Moreover, Participants in the research included individuals related to the subject. Furthermore, the sampling method was purposeful, and until the extraction of completely non-repeated strategies from the interviews; 21 interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner. Factors affecting the improvement of the diplomacy of the sports federations of Iran and Arab states of the Persian Gulf consist of 75 primary strategies in the form of 11 main categories including: media content, behavioral norms, infrastructure development, management strategy, political dimensions, security dimensions, sports interactions, international solidarity, sports communication, national prestige, and educational experiences. Some of the solutions identified include benefitting from popular social networks such as Instagram to share common content with Arabic language sports pages, no provocative interviews by athletes and coaches, preventing spectators from chanting racist slogans, facilitating the entry conditions of Arab spectators in international sports competitions in Iran and mutual support of the sports federations in Iran and Arab states of the Persian Gulf to the sports representatives of the Middle East region in sports events at the world level.

The aim of this study was to analyze the phenomenology of sports club customers' gratitude. The method of this research is qualitative and its approach is hermeneutic phenomenology. The participants of this research were 14 customers of sports clubs who had experienced gratitude. These people were selected, using purposeful sampling based on theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In this study, the strategies of credibility, transferability, conformability, process audit study, and inter-coder agreement were employed to assess the reliability and trustworthiness of the results. The data was analyzed using Van Manen's (2016) phenomenological method in three stages of coding. Based on the holistic and selective analysis, 6 main themes with 14 sub-themes emerged from the combination of 53 sub-themes. It was also found that the behavioral performance of employees, organizational factors, and individual factors are the drivers of customer appreciation, sports club customer appreciation has two behavioral and emotional aspects, and grateful customers show favorable psychological and behavioral reactions. Therefore, it can be pointed out that customer appreciation is the result of an involuntary exchange process that is accompanied by favorable psychological and behavioral reactions. In addition, any increase in customer appreciation depends on the customer's self-evaluation, the behavioral performance of employees and organizational factors.