مهدی سلیمی

This study aimed to develop a model of the factors influencing the co-creation of brand value for professional football clubs and its consequences. This research was applied in nature and qualitative in method. The research population included sports management and marketing professors, and experts, as well as managers, vice presidents, and coaches from professional sports clubs. 23 individuals were selected using theoretical sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and was analyzed using grounded theory (Glazer method). The research revealed 385 primary codes in the open coding stage, which were then condensed into 93 more abstract concepts and 11 main categories in the selective coding stage. These were further categorized into two general categories: "factors influencing the co-creation of brand value for professional football clubs," consisting of 6 components, and "implications for the co-creation of brand value for professional football clubs," consisting of 5 components. In the theoretical coding stage, the final model of the research was developed. The findings suggest that managers and officials should develop appropriate strategies and take action to promote the co-creation of brand value for professional football clubs to reap its numerous benefits across various club departments.

The Holy Qur’an is a guide for humanity toward felicity in all eras, and at the same time, it contains precise scientific indications intended to guide scholars. This study, using a descriptive-analytical method and drawing upon library-based sources, examines one such scientific indication in verse 27 of Sura al-Mursalāt. This verse addresses the conditions and characteristics of water storage in elevated mountains for the benefit of human populations dwelling in foothills and plains. The data collected for this study were categorized into two groups: Qur’anic and scientific. The Qur’anic data were extracted from both classical and contemporary exegetical sources, while the scientific data were derived from academic articles in the fields of geography and geology. In the first step, five key terms— jaʿalnā , rawāsī , shāmikhāt , asqaynākum , and furāt —were subjected to etymological and semantic analysis. In the second step, scientific findings were compared with these exegetical insights. The results indicate that the Qur’an in this verse alludes to the hydrological cycle, specifically the movement of water from high elevations on the Earth’s surface toward foothills and plains. Scientific findings clarify the significance of God’s designation of “uplifted mountains” as the primary source of water for humanity. This significance lies in two main aspects: first, such mountains have a higher capacity than plains for receiving precipitation—especially in the form of snow—which is generally more voluminous and less polluted; second, these mountains are more capable of storing water, enhancing its quality, and conveying it through surface and subterranean channels to consumer ecosystems, including vegetation, wildlife, and human settlements. In the absence of towering mountains, the global water cycle would be deficient and limited primarily to coastal regions. The results also indicated that the phrase rawāsī shāmikhāt reflects the Qur’an’s explicit reference to a remarkable scientific fact: the gradual growth of mountains. This progressive uplift is today corroborated by findings from geology and geodesy in the major mountain ranges of the world.

Grassroots football is a fundamental and essential part of professional football; therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a grassroots football development model in Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part, the systematic approach of grounded theory methods was conducted, and structural equation modeling was used to evaluate and validate the qualitative model. To conduct the interviews, faculty members and sports managers were studied through purposeful approach. In the quantitative part, the research samples included sports managers, coaches and players selected via convenience sampling. Based on the results, causal conditions include factors related to facilities and resources, human resources and managerial factors; context includes factors related to family, education and motivational factors; Intervening factors include economic-political and legal factors; the strategies include human resource management strategies, development of scientific management and coaching, synergy of related organizations and the use of income generation strategies. The consequences include the development of professional football and sustainable development through sports. According to the results of quantitative part, the validity of the research model was approved. the proposed model can be presented as a scientific framework and guidance based on the knowledge of experts for the country's sports managers in line with the development of grassroots football.