درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance training types on clinical and functional indices in older individuals with Osteosarcopenia. Method: In this Systematic Review study, a systematic searching strategy was used in information databases such as Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Ambace, all of the studies were extracted by using specific keywords such as Strength exercise, Exercise training, Resistance exercise, Resistance training, Strength training, Physical activity, Osteosarcopenia, Aging, Older adult, Elderly which were published on 7th August 2023. After all preliminary screening, surveying of complete text, and assessment of critical studies, scrutinized articles were related to inclusion criteria. Finally, 17 papers were selected for this study. Results: According to the present study, Resistance training for Osteosarcopenia older individuals has an effective result to improve Osteosarcopenia risk factors, and older patients’ performance and clinical status. However, it has to be mentioned that it needs further study in the contexts of Resistance training and Osteosarcopenia syndrome in elderly adults. Conclusion: Resistance exercise training has markedly beneficial effects on elderly patients with Osteosarcopenia which improves Sarcopenia risk factors, and older patients’ performance, clinical status and function of elderly patients.

This research aims to study the factors affecting gender equality in Iraqi football setting. The current research is based on a quantitative approach. The research population consisted of the employees of the football federation, players, and football coaches in Iraq. Based on Morgan's table, 384 people completed a researcher-developed questionnaire through random sampling. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by eight professors of sports management. Convergent and divergent validity and composite reliability were checked and confirmed by the PLS software. Findings showed patriarchal culture, gender stereotypes, the variable of gender inequality in broadcasts, the biased performance of social media in gender equality, gender inequality in budgeting and financial support, the variable of public support for men's football, and inequality in accessing to sports facilities and equipment have significant effects on gender equality in Iraqi football setting. However, the findings reveal that family restrictions do not have significant effect on gender equality in Iraqi football setting.

Purpose: Obesity is a complex disease that causes oxidative stress by disrupting fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ten weeks of swimming exercises with nigella sativa (Black Seed) supplementation on the plasma lipid profile of inactive obese women. Method: In this study, 40 inactive obese women with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 26, and an average age (29.06 ± 7.94 years), were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into four groups of 10 people. The control group, the training group, the training group - nigella sativa supplement and the nigella sativa group were divided. The control group had a normal diet and no training; the nigella sativa supplement group consumed 2 nigella sativa capsules of 1000 mg daily for 10 weeks; The swimming training group performed swimming exercises for 10 weeks and three sessions a week with an intensity of 60% of the maximum heart rate and the duration of each session was 75 minutes; the nigella sativa -training group also performed both the training and supplement protocols. At the end of the period, blood indicators of (low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol. Total (TC)) and anthropometric variables were measured. Covariance analysis and paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05 were used for data analysis. Results: Investigations showed that there is no significant difference between the groups in the values of HDL-C, LDL-C, TG and TC (P>0.05). However, in the intra-group comparison, hockey results have a significant difference in HDL-C, LDL-C, TG and TC in the exercise and exercise +supplement and nigella sativa groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that taking two weeks of swimming exercises along with nigella sativa supplement improves some of the fat profile indicators and can probably be effective in improving the complications caused by obesity.

Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance exercise and a subsequent detraining period on the indicators of muscle fiber shortening (FS%) and the relative wall thickness (RWT) of the left ventricle in low-mobility women. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted in a field-laboratory setting. A total of 32 sedentary women, who met the criteria for participation and were able to engage in the exercise protocol, were randomly assigned to two groups: 1) Resistance training group (16 participants), and 2) Control group (16 participants). Anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and structural indices such as left ventricular muscle fiber shortening percentage (FS%) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were measured using an echocardiography device at three intervals: before the start of training, at the end of 8 weeks of training, and after a 4-week detraining period. The training protocol was implemented over 12 weeks, consisting of 8 weeks of training with three sessions per week, followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of p < 0.05, using SPSS version 21. Results: The results showed a significant difference in FS% between pre-test and post-test measurements for both the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant decrease in FS% was observed in the training group during the detraining period (p < 0.05). Similarly, a significant change in RWT was found between pre-test and post-test measurements in both groups (p < 0.05), and significant changes in RWT were also observed during the detraining period in the training group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that 8 weeks of resistance training led to beneficial changes in the structure and function of the heart in sedentary women. However, the 4-week detraining period resulted in negative effects on these adaptations. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals engage in regular and structured resistance training to maintain these positive adaptations.

Nowadays, the prominent role of the customer in the global arena reveals the urgent need for proper management of customer relationships. This has led to a new shape of CRM known as Social CRM. This study analyzes data from 384 customers of sports facilities in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran using the structural equation model (SEM) approach. The findings revealed that the SEM used is a strong theoretical model for social CRM capabilities, customer-oriented management system (COMS), and social media technology use (SMTU). Moreover, the social CRM capabilities have a significant impact on customer relationship performance. From an academic perspective, this study helps to understand the experiences of customers of sports facilities during their interaction on social media and focuses on long-term customer relationships. From a sports management perspective, sports facilities should use the insights created through social CRM capabilities to guide effective sports marketing strategies toward customer relationship performance.