درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Introduction and Objective: A thorough understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience critical situations such as an epidemic is important. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the lived experiences of patients with schizophrenia residing in a care center during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research Methodology: The qualitative research method used was phenomenology. Patients with schizophrenia who were residing at the Sarai Ehsan Rehabilitation Center were selected purposefully. Based on the rule of theoretical saturation, sampling continued until 31 patients were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis method followed Colaizzi's approach, and the data were manually analyzed by the researchers. Findings: Data analysis led to the identification of 308 primary codes. Five main themes were extracted: (1) patients’ perceptions and causes of the disease, (2) patients’ views about quarantine, (3) feelings and emotions during the period of quarantine and illness, (4) patients’ actions during the period of quarantine and illness, and (5) sources of information about the disease. These main themes included 32 sub-themes. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting quarantine significantly affected the experiences of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are encouraged to use these findings in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia during infectious disease outbreaks.

The present study sought to examine the effects of hope therapy and compassion therapy on rumination, depression, and erroneous beliefs within employees of organizations in Shiraz city. The statistical population included workers from Shiraz city during 2023 and 2025. The research methodology was experimental, including a design that contained both pre-test and post-test components, as well as experimental and control groups. In this pilot study, among the employees who scored one standard deviation below the mean on rumination, depression, and false beliefs questionnaires, 45 individuals were randomly selected and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The overall count of people in each of the three groups was 15 people. The members of the initial experimental group participated in hope therapy training together over the course of 8 sessions. The second experimental group participated in compassion therapy for a total of eight sessions. In contrast, the control group did not receive any training. Ultimately, a post-test was given to all three groups. A follow-up examination was carried out after two months too. Covariance analysis was employed for data evaluation. The results showed that both hope therapy and compassion therapy helped with rumination, depression, and inaccurate beliefs among employees, with no significant difference in their effectiveness on rumination. However, compassion therapy was found to be more effective than hope therapy in addressing beliefs. Additionally, hope therapy had a greater effect on employees' depression compared to compassion therapy. It can be inferred that training in hope therapy and compassion therapy has led to decreased rumination, depression, and misguided beliefs among staff, with this enhancement remaining consistent throughout the three-month follow-up duration.

Emotions are crucial in social interactions, influencing communication and relationships. Distinguishing the perceived emotion in conscious and unconscious emotional processing is a key research area with cognitive and physiological implications. This study investigates conscious and unconscious emotional processing through behavioral and pupillary responses. Participants completed emotion recognition tasks under varying states, revealing higher accuracy in conscious emotion identification. Emotions like anger, happiness, fear, surprise, and neutral elicited distinct response patterns. Pupillometry data showed pupil size suppression in the conscious state and enhancement in the unconscious state, with differences in peak pupil size across emotions. Task-related components, amplitude, and latency parameters differed between conscious and unconscious states, highlighting the role of awareness in emotional regulation. These findings emphasize the complex interplay of cognitive and physiological processes in emotional responses, providing insights into emotional recognition mechanisms. This study contributes to understanding emotional processing dynamics and has implications for psychology and neuroscience research.

Resilience is a psychological characteristic that enables individuals to return to their normal lives after experiencing adversity and stressful situations, thereby preventing feelings of failure and defeat in life. In medical communities, due to high-pressure job demands and environmental stressors, resilience is considered one of the most critical components of psychological well-being, closely linked to one’s professional role and job satisfaction. In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of the Five Major Personality Factors on resilience, with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. The statistical population consisted of physicians working at Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz during the second half of the 2024-2025 academic year. Following the acquisition of the ethics approval code (IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.14040.182) a sample of 384 individuals was selected based on Morgan's table through stratified random sampling with proportional allocation across four strata: internal medicine (male), internal medicine (female), neurology (male), and neurology (female), according to the actual distribution in the population. The participants completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; 1985), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; 2003), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) in Smart PLS software. The results indicated that all of the Five Major Personality Factors, except for openness to experience and agreeableness, had a significant effect on resilience. Moreover, all personality traits except agreeableness significantly influenced resilience through the mediating variable of cognitive emotion regulation. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that individuals’ level of resilience is influenced by their personality traits and the factors affecting their emotion regulation.