درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The present study aimed to develop a pre-marital counseling model based on Davis's (2005) Work Adjustment Theory. Methods: The research was qualitative in nature and utilized content analysis. The environment for this study included all texts related to the aforementioned theory. Participants were selected purposefully from texts on work adjustment within the period from 2013 to 2022. The criterion for the number of texts was based on the principle of data saturation. The data collection method involved line-by-line examination of texts, based on questions related to the components of adjustment in this theory. Data derived from the text analysis were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method by Hsieh and Shannon (2005). Findings: The results of the content analysis indicated that all content from Davis's Work Adjustment Theory can be summarized into three main concepts: compatibility, interaction, and adjustment. When adapted to pre-marital counseling, these concepts were described as follows: the concept of compatibility is divided into two subcategories: satisfaction for the family and satisfaction with the family. The concept of interaction includes sub-concepts of adjustment styles. The third concept, adjustment, encompasses the style of managing marital life tasks. Accordingly, the compatibility-based pre-marital counseling model was designed based on these three dimensions. Conclusion: Overall, given the process of extracting this model, it can be qualitatively stated that this model is valid.

Objective: This study aims to analyze and compare the representation of social harms threatening the family institution in Iranian cinema during the 1990s and 2000s. The primary objective is to explore the evolution of these representations across two decades, reflecting broader social and cultural changes in Iranian society. Methods: The research utilizes a quantitative content analysis method to systematically examine a sample of 40 Iranian films—20 from the 1990s and 20 from the 2000s. These films were selected to represent a broad cross-section of Iranian cinema. Data were collected using a structured coding sheet, focusing on the depiction of various social harms, including norm violation, lawbreaking, migration, unemployment, divorce, infidelity, delinquency, and more. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software to identify trends and shifts in the portrayal of these issues over time. Findings: The findings indicate a significant shift in the representation of social harms in Iranian cinema from the 1990s to the 2000s. In the 1990s, the most prominently depicted social harms were norm violation, lawbreaking, migration, and unemployment. By the 2000s, the focus shifted to divorce, infidelity, and delinquency, reflecting changing social dynamics and concerns in Iranian society. The study also found that while certain issues, such as violence and prostitution, remained relevant across both decades, their representation in cinema evolved, reflecting broader societal changes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Iranian cinema serves as a crucial medium for reflecting and critiquing social issues, with the portrayal of social harms evolving in response to changing societal concerns. The findings highlight the dynamic relationship between cinema and society in Iran, with films playing a vital role in both mirroring and influencing public discourse on social issues.

Objective: Marital infidelity is one of the most significant threats to the stability of marital relationships and a leading cause of divorce across various cultures. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on self-compassion and experiential avoidance in women who have experienced marital infidelity. Methods: The current research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, involving experimental and control groups and a three-month follow-up. All women who had experienced marital infidelity and attended psychotherapy and counseling clinics in Tehran during the year 2021-2022 constituted the statistical population of this study, from which 30 were selected via convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two equal groups of 15. Data were collected using the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Second Version (Bond et al., 2007). Participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions of intervention. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance with SPSS version 26. Findings: The mean self-compassion score and its dimensions in the experimental group significantly improved post-intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Cognitive-behavioral therapy was beneficial in reducing experiential avoidance in the experimental group, unlike the control group (p < 0.05). The effects of this therapeutic program on dependent variables continued during the three-month follow-up period (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral exercises can be used as an effective intervention method to improve the cognitive-emotional status of women who have experienced marital infidelity.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of life skills training on distress tolerance, psychological adaptation, and high-risk behaviors among incarcerated women. Methods: This was an applied, experimental study. The study population consisted of incarcerated women in Kerman Central Prison in 2022. Sixty participants exhibiting high-risk behaviors were randomly assigned into an experimental group (30 women) and a control group (30 women). The experimental group received the World Health Organization's (WHO, 1998) ten-session life skills training program, each lasting 90 minutes, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Both groups were assessed using the Simons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005), the Derogatis Psychological Adaptation Scale (1986), and the Rajaee and Shafiei High-Risk Behavior Questionnaire (2011) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS software. Findings: Results indicated that life skills training significantly impacted distress tolerance, psychological adaptation, and high-risk behaviors in incarcerated women (p < .01). Conclusion: Life skills training can be effectively utilized to enhance distress tolerance and psychological adaptation, and to reduce high-risk behaviors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of resilience and self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and psychological distress with marital adjustment among individuals attending counseling centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This research was conducted using a descriptive-correlational methodology through the structural equation modeling approach. The population included all individuals with marital discord attending private counseling centers in Isfahan during the winter of 2021, who were experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 150 people were selected through convenience sampling and responded to the research instruments. Research Instruments: The instruments included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003), the Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), the Self-Compassion Scale by Neff et al. (2011), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003), and the Perceived COVID-19 Stress Scale by Campo-Arias et al. (2020). Data were analyzed using PLS software and structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that the effect of stress on resilience was significant (t=7.61), stress on self-compassion (t=3.91), resilience on adjustment (t=9.34), compassion on marital adjustment (t=2.09), psychological distress on resilience (t=5.4), and psychological distress on self-compassion (t=2.56) were significant (p≤0.05), and resilience and self-compassion played mediating roles between the variables. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, reducing perceived stress and psychological distress impacts increasing resilience and self-compassion, and with the enhancement of self-compassion and resilience, marital adjustment improves.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Parenting Competence Scale. Methods: This research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population included all male and female students in the first grade of high school in District 11 of Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. In this study, to examine the psychometric properties of the Parenting Competence Scale, confirmatory factor analysis was used for construct validity, correlation coefficients for convergent validity, and internal consistency coefficients for reliability. For this purpose, 350 adolescents aged 13 to 15 responded to the Parenting Competence Scale, the Strength-based Parenting Scale (Jach et al., 2018), and the Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, and Happiness Instrument for Adolescent Well-being (Kern et al., 2016). Findings: The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Parenting Competence Scale, with a structure comprising four factors—parental warmth, parental demand, social value of patience, and social value of respect for privacy—had good construct validity. Additionally, the results related to the correlation between the dimensions of parenting competence with strength-based parenting and adolescent well-being supported the convergent validity of the Persian version of the Parenting Competence Scale. Furthermore, the internal consistency coefficients of the subscales of privacy, patience, parental warmth, and parental demand were 0.86, 0.79, 0.80, and 0.78, respectively, defending the reliability of the Persian version of the aforementioned scale. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study, while defending the conceptual positions derived from a positive and non-deficit approach to the field of parenting studies on which the conceptual foundation of the idea of parenting competence is based, also provided substantial evidence in support of the technical characteristics of the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Parenting Competence Scale.

In our special issue dedicated to Women Studies, I explore various dimensions of women's experiences and contributions across multiple domains. One of the most transformative areas where women have made a significant impact is in the field of family therapy. This article explores "Women’s Advocacy for Social Change through Family Therapy" as a prime example of how feminist principles can drive both individual empowerment and broader societal transformation. The intersection of feminism and family therapy has made significant strides in advocating for women’s rights and promoting social change. By addressing gender inequality, empowering women, and fostering social justice, feminist-informed family therapy has become a powerful tool for transformation. As we celebrate the contributions of women in this field, it is crucial to continue supporting and advancing feminist principles in family therapy practice, research, and training. Through collective efforts and continued advocacy, feminist family therapy stands as a powerful force for social change.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMS), alexithymia, and emotional divorce among married female students, focusing on their predictive roles in marital detachment. Methods: A correlational design was employed with 240 married female students recruited via convenience sampling from Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch (2023–2024 academic year). Participants completed validated self-report measures: the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF; Young, 1995) assessing EMS across five domains (e.g., Impaired Limits, Other-Directedness), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; Bagby et al., 1994) measuring alexithymia subscales (Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Difficulty Describing Feelings, Externally Oriented Thinking), and the Gottman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (GEDQ; Gottman, 1997). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and stepwise regression via SPSS-26, with significance set at *p* < .01. Findings: Significant correlations emerged between EMS domains, alexithymia, and emotional divorce (*r* = 0.18–0.53, *p* < .01). Stepwise regression revealed Impaired Limits as the strongest predictor (β = 0.39, *p* < .01), explaining 15% of variance, followed by incremental contributions from Difficulty Identifying Feelings (ΔR² = 3%, β = 0.23), Other-Directedness (ΔR² = 1%, β = 0.13), Externally Oriented Thinking (ΔR² = 2%, β = 0.18), and Impaired Autonomy (ΔR² = 2%, β = -0.22), cumulatively accounting for 23% of variance (F = 15.16, *p* < .01). Negative β for Impaired Autonomy suggested suppression effects. Conclusion: EMS and alexithymia significantly predict emotional divorce, with Impaired Limits and emotion-regulation deficits being central drivers. Findings underscore the need for schema-focused interventions (e.g., schema therapy) and emotion-regulation training in marital counseling to mitigate detachment. Future research should explore dyadic interactions and cultural moderators to refine predictive models.