درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of self-encouragement training on the homesickness (including longing for family, desire to return home, maladjustment, feelings of loneliness, yearning for familiar people and environments) in non-native university students. Method: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test–post-test control group. The statistical population consisted of all first-year non-native university students residing in university dormitories at the Islamic Azad University of Ardabil. From this population, 30 university students were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). Data were collected using the Homesickness Questionnaire developed by Van Vliet (2001). The experimental group received 10 sessions of self-encouragement training based on the encouragement training Shwanker's model (1979). Self-encouragement training is a psychological intervention aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing negative emotions by promoting self-acceptance, recognizing personal strengths, and fostering a positive outlook on life. Data analysis was conducted using multivariate covariance analysis via SPSS software, version26. Findings: The results showed that the self-encouragement Training significantly reduced the level of homesickness in the experimental group. Specifically, the post-test mean scores of homesickness and its subcomponents significantly decreased after the intervention (p<0.01). Conclusion: The self-encouragement training significantly reduced feelings of homesickness and its related components among non-native university students. This finding demonstrates the effectiveness of this psychological intervention in improving emotional adjustment and alleviating longing for family and familiar environments. Therefore, it can be considered an effective approach for providing psychological support to non-native university students.

Background: Bangkok's urban landscape features approximately 6,000 high-rise towers housing millions of residents in what was historically considered a seismically stable region. However, the March 28, 2025 magnitude-7.7 Myanmar earthquake triggered widespread psychological distress among Bangkok's vertical communities despite causing minimal structural damage. While existing disaster psychology research demonstrates that individual appraisal processes and coping resources influence distress outcomes, high-density vertical urban environments remain largely unexplored in disaster literature, particularly within Asian megacities where socioeconomic inequities may compound vulnerabilities. Aims: This study aimed to quantify earthquake-related emotional distress changes, evaluate the effectiveness of different coping strategies, examine socioeconomic and disability-related moderators, and test Transactional Model of Stress and Coping pathways among Bangkok's high-rise population. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted two weeks post-earthquake using multistage stratified probability sampling. From 120 randomly selected buildings across Bangkok's districts, 5,200 households received survey invitations, yielding 2,104 completed responses (40.5% response rate). Participants were adults residing at least six months in buildings exceeding eight floors. Validated Thai-adapted instruments included the Kessler-6 for psychological distress, Insomnia Severity Index, and custom scales measuring emergency preparedness, social support-seeking, and self-care behaviors. Statistical analyses employed paired t-tests, ANOVA, MANOVA, and bootstrap mediation procedures with effect size reporting. Results: Clinically significant insomnia prevalence increased from 27.4% to 61.8% post-earthquake. Emergency preparedness behaviors were associated with lower anxiety levels, while social support-seeking correlated with reduced insomnia severity. Significant disparities emerged across housing tenure, income levels, and disability status, with renters demonstrating lower preparedness rates than homeowners (54.6% versus 71.9%). Mediation analyses revealed that preparedness and support-seeking behaviors collectively explained 37.7% of the association between perceived seismic threat and psychological distress outcomes. Conclusion: Perceived earthquake threat, rather than actual structural damage, emerged as the primary driver of psychological distress in Bangkok's high-rise communities. While emergency preparedness and social support provided substantial protective effects against anxiety and insomnia, these resources were inequitably distributed across socioeconomic groups. These findings highlight the critical need for inclusive disaster preparedness policies that address structural barriers affecting vulnerable populations in rapidly urbanizing megacities facing emerging seismic risks.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental overcontrol and adolescent social withdrawal, with fear of negative and positive evaluation as potential mediating variables. Methods: The research employed a descriptive correlational design and included a sample of 551 Nigerian adolescents selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie table. Data were collected using standardized self-report instruments: the Psychological Control Scale–Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR) for parental overcontrol, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES), and the Withdrawn/Depressed subscale of the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated using SPSS-27, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted via AMOS-21 to examine direct and indirect pathways among the variables. Findings: Pearson correlation analysis showed that parental overcontrol was significantly associated with fear of negative evaluation (r = .51, p < .001), fear of positive evaluation (r = .47, p < .001), and social withdrawal (r = .42, p < .001). SEM results confirmed that the structural model had good fit indices (χ² = 146.23, df = 84, χ²/df = 1.74, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.041). Parental overcontrol had significant direct effects on fear of negative evaluation (β = .51, p < .001), fear of positive evaluation (β = .48, p < .001), and social withdrawal (β = .27, p < .001). Both fears significantly predicted social withdrawal (FNE: β = .45, p < .001; FPE: β = .38, p < .001). Indirect effects of parental overcontrol on social withdrawal via FNE (B = 0.19, p < .001) and FPE (B = 0.14, p < .001) were also significant. Conclusion: These findings highlight that fear of evaluation—both negative and positive—serves as a psychological mechanism linking parental overcontrol to social withdrawal in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of addressing cognitive-affective vulnerabilities in preventive and therapeutic interventions.

This study compares the effectiveness of schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy on emotional self-awareness, hostile attribution, and critical thinking in adolescents with binge eating disorder. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of these two therapies on improving the cognitive and emotional aspects of individuals. The research method was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population consists of adolescents with binge eating disorder in Azarshahr. The samples that were selected as available were randomly divided into two therapy groups (n=15). The first group received schema therapy, while the second group received compassion-focused therapy. To collect data, the Hostile Attribution Questionnaire (Arntz et al., 2003), the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant et al., 2002), and the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (Ricketts, 2003) were used. The results indicated that both therapies had a significant effect on increasing emotional self-awareness and reducing hostile attribution and critical thinking. However, compassion-focused therapy demonstrated a greater impact on reducing hostile attribution and improving critical thinking. The findings suggested that both approaches can be effective interventions for treating binge eating disorder in adolescents, with compassion-focused therapy being more effective in some aspects.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of narcissistic tendencies on marital relationship stability and examine the mediating role of emotional maturity in couples. Methods and Materials: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted among married couples residing in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. A total of 384 couples were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Inclusion criteria included at least two years of marital experience and no history of severe psychological disorders. Data were collected using three standardized instruments: the Marital Instability Index (MII), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS). The psychometric properties of these tools were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling (SEM) via SPSS and AMOS software. Bootstrapping was also employed to test the mediating effect. Findings: The results revealed that narcissistic tendencies were significantly and negatively associated with marital relationship stability (β = -0.32, p < .001). Emotional maturity was found to have a significant positive effect on marital stability (β = 0.43, p < .001) and a significant negative relationship with narcissistic tendencies (β = -0.38, p < .001). Importantly, emotional maturity partially mediated the relationship between narcissistic tendencies and marital stability (indirect effect β = -0.16, p < .01), and the total effect of narcissism on marital instability was substantial (β = -0.48, p < .001). The proposed model demonstrated a good fit to the data with acceptable fit indices. Conclusion: The findings suggest that narcissistic traits undermine marital stability directly and indirectly by reducing emotional maturity. Emotional maturity serves as a protective factor that enhances relational resilience. These results highlight the importance of addressing emotional development and personality traits in marital counseling and relationship education.