درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Today, the success of organizations and institutions requires effective and efficient management; among them, management in education and schools, as the formal institutions of education, holds a special place. The effectiveness of educational management on the one hand, and the ability to monitor the activities of principals on the other, necessitate access to performance standards in this area. Given the lack of a formulated standard for school principals and the significance and status of high schools, the aim of this research is to identify the performance standards for high school principals. The research method is grounded theory, and the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. The statistical population includes all male high school principals in the districts of Mashhad. Ten prominent principals were purposefully selected as a sample using the snowball method. After open coding the transcribed interviews and axial coding, 27 components of the performance standards for school principals were identified. Finally, with categorization, these components were classified into five dimensions: human relations, managerial tasks, principals' vision and attitude, school growth and progress, and principals' personal needs. The importance of human relations in high school management was defined as the main category, and other components were defined in relation to it. Ultimately, a model of performance standards for high school principals was obtained.

The current research to aim was purpose conducted the mediating role of academic burnout in the relationship between the perception of the educational atmosphere creative and academic stress with motivational orientations (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and motivation). The research method was the correlation of the path analysis type. The population of this study included all students of senior high schools in Sanandaj city. 250 the student (138 female students and 112 male students) were selected using a random multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to the questionnaires of the creative educational atmosphere (Mohebi & et al., 2013), the academic stress Questionnaire (Kamkari & et al., 2010), academic burnout questionnaire (Bersu & et al., 2007) and academic motivation scale (Vallerand & et al., 1992). Data analysis was performed using the path analysis statistical method and by the SPSS-22, and AMOS-24 statistical software and bootstrapping method were used to examine the mediating role of the variables. The results showed that among the assumed direct relationships, only the direct effect of perception of the creative educational atmosphere on intrinsic motivation was significant. Indirect results showed that academic burnout could play a mediating role in the relationship between the perception of a creative educational atmosphere and academic pressures with intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and motivation.

Human resource organization is one of the human resource activities that guides each person towards perfection by finding the path of advancement of each person in his professional life. The aim of the current research was to identify the dimensions and components of the organization of human resources in Kurdistan's education system in order to provide a conceptual model. From the objective point of view, the research is of the "applied" research type; because it seeks to apply knowledge in new situations and develop practical knowledge in a specific field. This research, in terms of how to collect the required data, is classified in the “qualitative research group. In the framework of this research method, in order to know the opinions and ideas of these people in connection with the field of human resource organization In Kurdistan province, 21 of these elites were selected by purposeful sampling and the interview process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. . Paying attention to the family, not paying attention to quality, high costs for obtaining national positions, low special points for group supervisors, giving grades without degrees and certificates, not paying attention to the conditions and working environment, not paying attention to parents' satisfaction, not paying attention to modernization.

With the increasing popularity of virtual education following the COVID-19 pandemic and the advancement of technology in education, new opportunities and challenges have entered the realm of education. So it is necessary to pay attention to the preparation of schools for this type of learning as well as the self-efficacy of teachers in using information and Communication technology (ICT) skills and the stress they experience in using technology in their jobs. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of Computer Self-Efficacy and E-Learning Readiness Mediated with Technostress in Teacher Professional Competence. This study was applied in terms of goal and fell under descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of all teachers of Tehran’s District 15 working at high school levels from 2021 to 2022 (675 people), as 194 people were selected through convenience sampling. In order to collect data from Technostress and Computer Self-Efficacy questionnaire (Dong et al., 2020); E-learning Readiness questionnaire (Keramati et al., 2011); and Teacher Professional Competence questionnaire (Motahhari-Nezhad & Jahangard, 2016) were used. After calculating the scales’ reliability, data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL Software. The results showed that: computer self-efficacy and e-learning readiness had a direct, positive and significant effect on teacher professional competence. computer self-efficacy and e-learning readiness had  a positive and significant indirect effect on teacher professional competence through technostress. Also technostress had a direct, negative and significant effect on teacher professional competence.

The main goal of this research was to analyze the role of schools' principals in the formation of the hidden curriculum of secondary schools in Tabriz. The research was carried out through mixed method research (qualitative and quantitative) of exploratory type. The research community was formed by academic experts and professors in the field of education, curriculum development, and public education and principals of successful schools. In the qualitative phase, the opinions of various experts were collected through the grounded theory method (by using semi-structured interview) and analyzed and classified through coding steps. Based on the theoretical saturation criterion, 17 participants were selected in a purposive way in the qualitative phase and in the quantitative phase 356 experts, school principals and educational assistants of schools. Data was collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by structural equation method with smartpls4 software. As a result, 103 indicators, 24 components and 6 dimensions were obtained, which were presented in the form of a paradigm model. In the quantitative phase, a survey research method and a researcher-made questionnaire tool were used. Also, in the quantitative section, using the structural equation method, it was determined that among the obtained components, the effort participation component with a coefficient of (0.912) is the first priority and the rules and regulations component with a coefficient of (0.619) is the last priority. The main result and suggestion of the research is that more and special attention should be given to the components that were placed in the first priorities.