درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study aims to predict the role of learning approaches, studying strategies, metacognitive strategies, and reflective thinking on students’ academic achievements. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Iran. The statistical population encompasses the all 5000 students at Roudehen Islamic Azad University throughout 2020-2021. According to Morgan's Table, the sample size was estimated to be 384 persons. Five standard questionnaires including studying strategies, learning approaches, metacognitive strategies, reflective thinking and academic achievement were used for data gathering. Structural equations based on partial least squares were used to analyze the data. The results showed a moderate relationship between learning approaches and metacognitive strategies while a significant relationship was observed between learning approaches, studying strategies, and reflective thinking (P<0.05). There was also a weak relationship between learning approaches and academic achievement. Beside, a moderate relationship was observed between metacognitive strategies and academic achievement, and a significant relationship was revealed between reflective thinking and academic achievement. Numerous factors affect academic achievement. Managers and families by recognizing these variables and providing appropriate conditions could smooth the rate of success for students.

 این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی ابعاد پرورش مدیران مدارس با استفاده از رویکرد آمیخته و ارائه مدل مطلوب اجرا شد. روش پژوهش به لحاظ ماهیت داده از نوع آمیخته (کیّفی و کمّی) و به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی و توسعه ای بود. مشارکت کنندگان بخش کیّفی را اساتید و متخصصان مدیریت آموزشی پس از اشباع نظری به تعداد 20 نفر تشکیل داد که به صورت نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و جامعه آماری بخش کمّی 5404 نفر از مدیران مدارس آموزش و پرورش استان لرستان بودند که بر اساس فرمول نمونه گیری کوکران تعداد 360 نفر به صورت تصادفی خوشه ای از هر ناحیه آموزش و پرورش انتخاب شدند. گردآوری اطلاعات در بخش کیّفی به صورت مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته و در بخش کمّی از طریق پرسش نامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی آن با روش های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و پایایی آن از طریق روش باز آزمون برای کل پرسشنامه 795/0 به دست آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده های کیّفی با استفاده از روش اشتراس و کوربین و تجزیه و تحلیل داده های کمّی با استفاده از نرم افزار AMOS انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که از بین 17 مقوله شناسایی شده، 5 مقوله از مدل حذف شد و مدل نهایی با 12 مقوله تخمین زده و تأیید شد.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation with structural equations approach and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes all students of football schools in Tehran province. Cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample. The measurement tools of the present study include demographic characteristics of the participants in the study, Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry (1988) Perceived Service Quality Assessment Questionnaire, Groth (2005) Customer Behavior Questionnaire and Perceived Risk Questionnaire Carroll, Connaught, Spengler & Byon (2014). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to show the normality of data distribution and bootstrap methods and structural equations using PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that the quality of perceived services and citizenship behavior (β = 0.852); (T = 15.549) at the level of significance (P <0.01); Indirect effect of perceived service quality and citizenship behavior through perceived risk (β = -0.027); T-statistic (T = 1.774) is at the level of significance (P <0.076). Considering that perceived risk is one of the determining elements in the acceptance and intention of students to use football schools and their citizenship behavior is one of the factors reducing this risk, it is suggested. Football school principals to increase the quality of perceived services and student citizenship behavior among their staff, coaches and customers so that they can identify different dimensions of perceived risk among their school students for better productivity. And make the necessary plans to advance marketing goals. 

Abstract Lack of effective leadership is not only seen in economic organizations but also in education departments and all other institutions. What sometimes results in issues for some organizations is people, such as incompatible leaders, who do not play their critical role of leadership effectively and efficiently. The present applied and descriptive-correlational study aims to investigate the relationship between incompatible leadership and job plateau, burnout, and stress in first- and second-grade high school teachers. The statistical population of the research included all first- and second-grade high school teachers (1972). Accordingly, 322 individuals were selected as the research sample using the simple random sampling method. Data collection tools were Schmidt Incompatible Leadership Questionnaire (2008), Milliman Occupational Plateau Questionnaire (1992), Maslach Occupational Burnout Questionnaire (1985), and Sargi Job Stress Questionnaire (2015). The reliability of the questionnaires was 0.81, 0.90, 0.84, and 0.76, respectively, using Cronbach's alpha; the content validity was also confirmed. Data were analyzed using univariate t, correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression. Findings showed incompatible leadership of managers and occupational burnout and stress in school teachers to be at a low level, while their plateau was at a high level. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was observed between incompatible leadership and job plateau and burnout of teachers; however, there was no relationship between incompatible leadership and job stress. Among components of incompatible leadership, authoritarian leadership could predict job plateau, abusive supervision and authoritarian leadership could predict job burnout, and abusive supervision could predict job stress. Thus, it is recommended that school principals reduce the stress, plateau, and burnout of teachers, as well as identifying the components of incompatible leadership and avoiding them in schools.